Daim ntawv thov tsawg hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntaub ntawv

Daim ntawv thov ntawmTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebNyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw
Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb muaj cim 4F hluav taws xob qauv, loj atomic sib nqus lub caij, muaj zog kiv nciab thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Thaum tsim cov complexes nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus, lawv tus lej sib koom tes tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 6 txog 12. Tsis muaj lub hauv paus hauv ntiaj teb muaj ntau lub crystal qauv. Cov khoom siv lub cev tshwj xeeb thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov av nplaum tsis tshua muaj cov ntaub ntawv, cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsis zoo, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, cov khoom siv laser, cov ntaub ntawv nuczle , thiab lwm thaj teb. Nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw, daim ntawv thov tsawg ntawm cov av ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw, nyiam ntau dua hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom siv sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv heterogeneous.

Cov ntawv thov tsis tshua muaj ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw nrog: ① ntxivLub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj hlaurau cov khoom siv sib xyaw; Ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawmTsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb oxidesrau cov khoom siv sib xyaw; ③ polymers doped los yog sib khi nrog lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj hlau hauv polymers yog siv los ua cov khoom matrix hauv cov khoom siv sib xyaw. Ntawm cov saum toj no peb hom ntawm ob daim ntawv tsawg tsawg ntxiv rau cov hlau matrix sib xyaw, thiab cov kab ke sib xyaw ua ke yog feem ntau ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv thib ob.

Tsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebFeem ntau ua rau hlau matrix thiab Ceramic Matrix rho tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov sib ntxiv, stabilizers, thiab sintering ntxiv cov nqi, thiab ua nws daim ntawv thov kev lag luam tau.

Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg dua li cov khoom sib xyaw ntxiv hauv cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv thiab txhawb nqa cov khoom siv hlau ntawm cov hlau loj. Lub tshuab kev ua yog raws li hauv qab no.

① Txhim kho lub wettability ntawm cov hlau matrix thiab cov theem ntxiv. Lub hauv paus hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj zog yog qhov tsawg dua (cov me electronegativity ntawm cov hlau, ntau lub electronegativity ntawm tsis yog). Piv txwv li, la yog 1.1, CE yog 1.12, thiab y yog 1.22. Lub hauv paus hluav taws xob ntawm cov puag ncig hlau FE yog 1.83, NI yog 1.91, thiab Al yog 1.61. Yog li, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov hlau nplaum, txo lawv cov nplaum uas ntub dej, thiab yog li txhim kho lub wettability ntawm matrix thiab qhov cuab lub zog theem. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm La keeb rau lub aluminium matrix zoo txhim kho lub wettabtias lub wettabtuage ntawm alo thiab aluminium ua kua, thiab txhim kho micleived microstructure ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw.

Txhawb nqa cov khoom siv hlau ua kom zoo sib xws. Cov solubility ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg tsawg, vim hais tias atomic vojvoog ntawm cov hlau loj heev, thiab cov atomic voj voog yog qhov me me. Kev nkag mus ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob nrog lub vojvoog loj rau hauv kev loj leeb yuav ua rau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv, uas yuav ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau tswj lub zog qis tshaj plaws, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb tsuas yog siv rau cov ciaj ciam tsis zoo, uas rau qee qhov laj thawj kev loj hlob dawb ntawm cov nplej dawb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig qis yuav tseem ADSORRB Lwm cov alloy cov ntsiab lus, thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv hauv cheeb tsam, thiab txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm cov kua hlau ua kua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov undercooling los ntawm cov theem pib sib cais tuaj yeem kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov khoom sib txuas thiab ua kom zoo ntawm cov hlau sib dhos.

③ Purify cov hmoov nplej sibtaries. Vim tias muaj kev muaj suab nrov ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev sib txuam thiab OS, P, N, thiab lwm yam, phosphides, thiab Nitrides yog tsawg. Cov tebchaw tau muaj lub siab me me loj thiab qis dua, qee tus neeg tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm cov hmoov nplej ntawm cov nplej zom, yog li ua kom huv ntawm ciam teb thiab Txhim kho nws lub zog.

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias, vim muaj kev ua haujlwm siab thiab qis qis ntawm lub ntiaj teb matrix, thaum lawv tau sib cuag nrog oxygen xav tau tshwj xeeb tswj tau kev ntxiv.

Coob tus qauv tau ua pov thawj tias ntxiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ruaj khov thiab doothing cov khoom siv, txo qis lawv cov nqi ntau lawm, thiab yog li txo nqi ntau lawm. Lub ntsiab mechanism ntawm nws kev ua yog raws li hauv qab no.

① Raws li sintering Additive, nws tuaj yeem txhawb Sintering thiab txo qhov porosity hauv cov khoom siv sib xyaw. Kev sib ntxiv ntawm Sintering Additives yog los tsim cov theem ua kua ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab los ntawm cov theem ua kua. Vim yog lub siab ruaj khov, tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws, thiab siab melting thiab boiling cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab txhawb sintering, ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub ntiaj teb tsawg dua olide kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj zoo nrog cov ceramic dlev, ua kom muaj cov tawv ncauj ua ke sab hauv, ua kom muaj teeb meem thiab txhawb sintering.

‡ txhim kho microstructure thiab tshuab ua kom loj dua. Vim yog qhov tseeb uas tau ntxiv tsis tshua muaj ciam ntawm cov qauv zeb, thiab tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw muaj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm lwm ions, yog li txo lub Tus nqi tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov nplej sib nraus, inhibiting nplej kev loj hlob, thiab tabkaum kev txawv txav ntawm cov nplej thaum lub siab kub sintering. Lawv tuaj yeem tau txais cov nplej me thiab hnav khaub ncaws me me, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim cov qauv ntom ntom ntom; Ntawm qhov tod tes, los ntawm doping tsis tshua muaj hnub ci iav oxides, lawv tau nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom sib khi ntawm lub iav theem thiab yog li kawm tau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom siv cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv.

Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus hauv polymer matrix muaj ntau kuj cuam tshuam rau lawv los ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov polymer matrix. Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb Oxides tuaj yeem nce cov thermal decomposition kub ntawm polymers, thaum tsis tshua muaj zog txhim kho lub thermal stability ntawm polyvinyl chloride. Doping polystyrene nrog cov hauv ntiaj teb tsawg tsawg tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm polystyrene thiab ua rau nws muaj kev cuam tshuam lub zog thiab khoov tau lub zog.