Barium hauv Bolognite

arium, element 56 of the periodic table.

Barium hydroxide, barium chloride, barium sulfate… yog cov tshuaj reagents ntau heev hauv cov phau ntawv kawm theem siab. Nyob rau hauv 1602, alchemists sab hnub poob pom lub pob zeb Bologna (tseem hu ua "sunstone") uas tuaj yeem tso lub teeb. Hom ore no muaj me me luminescent crystals, uas yuav txuas ntxiv emit lub teeb tom qab raug tshav ntuj. Cov yam ntxwv no fascinated wizards thiab alchemists. Xyoo 1612, tus kws tshawb fawb Julio Cesare Lagara tau luam tawm phau ntawv "De Phenomenis hauv Orbe Lunae", uas tau sau tseg tias yog vim li cas rau lub luminescence ntawm Bologna pob zeb raws li muab los ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, barite (BaSO4). Txawm li cas los xij, hauv xyoo 2012, cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias qhov tseeb yog vim li cas rau Bologna pob zeb luminescence los ntawm barium sulfide doped nrog monovalent thiab divalent tooj liab ions. Xyoo 1774, Swedish chemist Scheler nrhiav barium oxide thiab hu ua "Baryta" (hnyav lub ntiaj teb), tab sis cov hlau barium yeej tsis tau. Nws tsis yog txog 1808 uas British chemist David tau txais cov hlau tsis huv los ntawm barite los ntawm electrolysis, uas yog barium. Tom qab ntawd nws tau muaj npe tom qab Greek lo lus barys (hnyav) thiab lub cim tseem ceeb Ba. Suav lub npe "Ba" los ntawm Kangxi Dictionary, txhais tau tias tsis muaj tooj liab hlau ore.

Barium hlauyog heev nquag thiab yooj yim reacts nrog huab cua thiab dej. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm cov kab hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab cov duab thaij duab, nrog rau ua cov hlau nplaum, foob pob hluav taws thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear. Xyoo 1938, cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb pom barium thaum lawv kawm cov khoom tom qab foob pob uranium nrog qeeb neutrons, thiab xav tias barium yuav tsum yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm uranium nuclear fission. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev tshawb pom txog hlau barium, tib neeg tseem siv cov tshuaj barium ntau dua.

Cov khoom siv thaum ntxov tshaj plaws yog barite - barium sulfate. Peb tuaj yeem pom nws hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, xws li cov xim dawb hauv daim ntawv duab, xim, yas, automotive coatings, pob zeb, hluav taws xob resistant cement, kev kho mob, thiab lwm yam. tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev kho mob, barium sulfate yog "barium pluas noj" peb. noj thaum gastroscopy. Barium pluas mov "- cov hmoov dawb uas tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab tsis qab, tsis muaj dej thiab roj, thiab yuav tsis nqus los ntawm lub plab hnyuv mucosa, thiab nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm plab acid thiab lwm yam dej hauv lub cev. Vim muaj qhov loj ntawm atomic coefficient ntawm barium, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov nyhuv photoelectric nrog X-ray, radiate tus yam ntxwv X-ray, thiab tsim pos huab ntawm zaj duab xis tom qab dhau los ntawm tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho qhov sib piv ntawm cov zaub, kom lub cev lossis cov ntaub so ntswg nrog thiab tsis muaj tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv tuaj yeem pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim dub thiab dawb sib txawv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab, kom ua tiav cov nyhuv tshuaj xyuas, thiab qhia tau tiag tiag cov kev hloov pauv hauv tib neeg lub cev. Barium tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tib neeg, thiab insoluble barium sulfate yog siv hauv barium pluas noj, yog li nws yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tib neeg lub cev.

Tab sis lwm yam barium ntxhia, barium carbonate, txawv. Tsuas yog los ntawm nws lub npe, ib tus tuaj yeem qhia nws qhov mob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nws thiab barium sulfate yog tias nws yog soluble hauv dej thiab kua qaub, tsim ntau barium ions, ua rau hypokalemia. Kev mob hnyav barium ntsev lom yog qhov tsawg, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov ntsev barium soluble. Cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li mob plab, yog li nws raug nquahu kom mus rau hauv tsev kho mob rau plab hnyuv lossis noj sodium sulfate los yog sodium thiosulfate rau kev tshem tawm. Qee cov nroj tsuag muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm absorbing thiab accumulating barium, xws li ntsuab algae, uas yuav tsum tau barium kom loj hlob zoo; Brazil txiv ntseej kuj muaj 1% barium, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom noj lawv nyob rau hauv ib qho me me. Txawm li cas los xij, witherite tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim tshuaj. Nws yog ib feem ntawm glaze. Thaum ua ke nrog lwm cov oxides, nws tseem tuaj yeem pom cov xim tshwj xeeb, uas yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv ceramic coatings thiab optical iav.

Kev sim tshuaj endothermic tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog ua nrog barium hydroxide: tom qab sib xyaw cov khoom barium hydroxide nrog ammonium ntsev, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv endothermic muaj zog tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Yog tias ob peb tee dej poob rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv, cov dej khov uas tsim los ntawm cov dej tuaj yeem pom, thiab txawm tias cov khob iav tuaj yeem khov thiab daig rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv. Barium hydroxide muaj qhov muaj zog alkalinity thiab yog siv los ua ib qho catalyst rau synthesizing phenolic resins. Nws tuaj yeem cais thiab precipitate sulfate ions thiab tsim cov ntsev barium. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tsom xam, kev txiav txim siab ntawm carbon dioxide cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab lub quantitative tsom xam ntawm chlorophyll yuav tsum tau siv barium hydroxide. Hauv kev tsim cov ntsev barium, tib neeg tau tsim ib daim ntawv thov nthuav dav: kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov duab kos tom qab dej nyab hauv Florence xyoo 1966 tau ua tiav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog gypsum (calcium sulfate) los tsim barium sulfate.

Lwm cov barium uas muaj cov tebchaw kuj muaj cov khoom zoo kawg li, xws li cov khoom siv photorefractive ntawm barium titanate; Qhov kub-kub superconductivity ntawm YBa2Cu3O7, nrog rau cov xim ntsuab tseem ceeb ntawm barium ntsev hauv cov foob pob hluav taws, txhua tus tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus barium.