Raws li lub teeb pom kev zoo uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov cuab yeej siv dav hlau thauj mus los, macroscopic mechanical zog ntawm aluminium alloy yog ze ze rau nws cov microstructure. Los ntawm kev hloov cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv aluminium alloy, lub microstructure ntawm aluminium alloy tuaj yeem hloov pauv, thiab cov khoom siv macroscopic thiab lwm yam khoom (xws li corrosion kuj thiab vuam kev ua tau zoo) ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo. Txog rau tam sim no, microalloying tau dhau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis rau kev txhim kho microstructure ntawm aluminium alloys thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv aluminium alloy.Scandium(Sc) yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws microalloying element enhancer paub txog txhuas alloys. Lub solubility ntawm scandium nyob rau hauv aluminium matrix yog tsawg dua 0.35 wt.%, Ntxiv cov lej ntawm scandium rau txhuas alloys tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov microstructure, ua kom lawv lub zog, hardness, plasticity, thermal stability, thiab corrosion kuj. Scandium muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau lub cev hauv aluminium alloys, suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom muaj zog, particle ntxiv dag zog, thiab inhibition ntawm recrystallization. Kab lus no yuav qhia txog kev txhim kho keeb kwm, kev nce qib tshiab, thiab muaj peev xwm siv tau ntawm scandium uas muaj aluminium alloys hauv kev tsim khoom aviation.
Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm scandium raws li cov khoom siv alloying rau aluminium alloys tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau xyoo 1960. Lub sijhawm ntawd, feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau ua nyob rau hauv binary Al Sc thiab ternary AlMg Sc alloy systems. Nyob rau xyoo 1970, Baykov Institute of Metallurgy thiab Materials Science ntawm Soviet Academy of Sciences thiab Txhua Lub Tsev Haujlwm Lavxias ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Teeb Alloy tau ua txoj kev tshawb fawb txog cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm scandium hauv aluminium alloys. Tom qab ze li ntawm plaub caug xyoo ntawm kev siv zog, 14 qib ntawm txhuas scandium alloys tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb loj series (Al Mg Sc, Al Li Sc, Al Zn Mg Sc). Lub solubility ntawm scandium atoms nyob rau hauv txhuas yog tsawg, thiab los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tsim nyog, high-density Al3Sc nano precipitates yuav precipitated. Qhov no nag lossis daus theem yog ze li ntawm spherical, nrog me me thiab dispersed tis, thiab muaj ib tug zoo coherent kev sib raug zoo nrog cov txhuas matrix, uas yuav ua tau zoo heev txhim kho chav tsev kub lub zog ntawm aluminium alloys. Tsis tas li ntawd, Al3Sc nano precipitates muaj qhov zoo thermal stability thiab coarsening tsis kam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (hauv 400 ℃), uas yog qhov zoo heev rau lub zog kub tsis kam ntawm cov hlau. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ua aluminium scandium alloys, 1570 alloy tau nyiam ntau xim vim nws lub zog siab tshaj plaws thiab dav tshaj plaws. Cov alloy no muaj kev ua tau zoo heev hauv kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm -196 ℃ txog 70 ℃ thiab muaj cov khoom siv superplasticity, uas tuaj yeem hloov cov Lavxias ua LF6 aluminium alloy (ib qho txhuas magnesium alloy feem ntau yog tsim ntawm txhuas, magnesium, tooj liab, manganese, thiab silicon) rau load-bearing vuam cov qauv hauv cov kua oxygen nruab nrab, nrog kev ua tau zoo dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, Russia kuj tau tsim aluminium zinc magnesium scandium alloys, sawv cev los ntawm 1970, nrog rau cov khoom siv zog ntau dua 500MPa.
Cov xwm txheej Industrialization ntawmAluminium Scandium Alloy
Xyoo 2015, European Union tau tshaj tawm "European Metallurgical Roadmap: Kev Pom Zoo rau cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv kawg", thov kom kawm txog kev weldability ntawm txhuas.magnesium scandium alloys. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2020, European Union tau tshaj tawm cov npe ntawm 29 cov peev txheej ntxhia tseem ceeb, suav nrog scandium. Lub 5024H116 aluminium magnesium scandium alloy tsim los ntawm Ale Aluminium nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj nruab nrab mus rau lub zog siab thiab siab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj, ua rau nws muaj kev cog lus zoo heev rau daim tawv nqaij fuselage. Nws tuaj yeem siv los hloov cov tsoos 2xxx series aluminium alloys thiab tau suav nrog hauv Airbus 'AIMS03-01-055 cov ntaub ntawv yuav khoom. 5028 yog ib qho kev txhim kho qib ntawm 5024, haum rau laser vuam thiab sib txhuam do vuam. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txheej txheem tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov phab ntsa, uas yog corrosion-resistant thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau txhuas txheej. Piv nrog 2524 alloy, tag nrho cov phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag qauv ntawm lub fuselage tuaj yeem ua tiav 5% cov qauv hnyav. AA5024-H116 aluminium scandium alloy daim ntawv ua los ntawm Aili Aluminium Company tau siv los tsim cov dav hlau fuselage thiab cov khoom siv dav hlau. Cov ntaub ntawv tuab ntawm AA5024-H116 Alloy Daim Ntawv yog 1.6mm, thiab vim nws txoj kev sib txawv qis, nws tuaj yeem hloov 2524 alloy raws li cov khoom siv fuselage. Tam sim no, daim ntawv AA5024-H116 alloy tau ntawv pov thawj los ntawm Airbus AIMS03-04-055. Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2018, Ministry of Industry thiab Information Technology ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau tshaj tawm "Cov Lus Qhia Qhia rau Thawj Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Thib Ob ntawm Cov Khoom Tshiab Tseem Ceeb (2018 Edition)", uas suav nrog "high-purity scandium oxide" hauv kev txhim kho catalog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kev lag luam. Hauv xyoo 2019, Ministry of Industry thiab Information Technology ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau tshaj tawm "Cov Lus Qhia Qhia rau Thawj Pawg Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Tseem Ceeb (2019 Edition)", uas suav nrog "Sc muaj cov khoom siv aluminium alloy thiab Al Si Sc vuam hlau" nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob catalog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kev lag luam. Tuam Tshoj Aluminium Group Northeast Light Alloy tau tsim ib qho Al Mg Sc Zr series 5B70 alloy uas muaj scandium thiab zirconium. Piv nrog rau cov tsoos Al Mg series 5083 alloy tsis muaj scandium thiab zirconium, nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab lub zog tensile tau nce ntau dua 30%. Ntxiv mus, Al Mg Sc Zr alloy muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov sib piv corrosion kuj rau 5083 alloy. Tam sim no, cov lag luam tseem ceeb hauv tsev nrog qib kev lag luamaluminium scandium alloymuaj peev xwm ntau lawm yog Northeast Light Alloy Company thiab Southwest Aluminium Kev Lag Luam. Qhov loj-loj 5B70 aluminium scandium alloy daim ntawv tsim los ntawm Northeast Light Alloy Co., Ltd. tuaj yeem muab cov hlau loj loj aluminium tuab nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 70mm thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 3500mm; Cov khoom nyias nyias thiab cov khoom siv profile tuaj yeem ua raws li kev tsim khoom, nrog rau qhov tuab ntawm 2mm txog 6mm thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1500mm. Southwest Aluminium tau tsim nws tus kheej tsim cov khoom siv 5K40 thiab ua kom muaj kev vam meej hauv kev tsim cov phaj nyias. Al Zn Mg alloy yog lub sijhawm hardening alloy nrog lub zog siab, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm vuam zoo heev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv cov tsheb thauj mus los tam sim no xws li dav hlau. Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm nruab nrab lub zog weldable AlZn Mg, ntxiv scandium thiab zirconium alloy cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem tsim me me thiab dispersed Al3 (Sc, Zr) nanoparticles nyob rau hauv microstructure, ho txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab zog thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion kuj ntawm cov hlau. Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Langley ntawm NASA tau tsim ib qho ternary aluminium scandium alloy nrog qib C557, uas yog npaj los siv rau hauv cov qauv ua haujlwm. Lub zog zoo li qub, tawg tawm, thiab tawg toughness ntawm cov hlau no ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (-200 ℃), chav tsev kub, thiab kub siab (107 ℃) yog txhua yam sib npaug los yog zoo dua li ntawm 2524 alloy. Northwestern University hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim AlZn Mg Sc alloy 7000 series ultra-siab zog aluminium alloy, nrog lub zog tensile txog li 680MPa. Ib qho qauv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm nruab nrab siab zog aluminium scandium alloy thiab ultra-siab zog Al Zn Mg Sc tau tsim. Al Zn Mg Cu Sc alloy yog lub zog muaj zog aluminium alloy nrog lub zog tensile tshaj 800 MPa. Tam sim no, cov nominal muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov qib tseem ceeb ntawmaluminium scandium alloytau sau tseg raws li hauv qab no, raws li qhia hauv Cov Lus 1 thiab 2.
Table 1 | Nominal Composition ntawm Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Table 2 | Microstructure thiab Tensile Properties ntawm Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Daim ntawv thov kev cia siab ntawm aluminium scandium alloy
Lub zog siab Al Zn Mg Cu Sc thiab Al CuLi Sc alloys tau siv rau cov khoom siv thauj khoom, suav nrog Lavxias MiG-21 thiab MiG-29 fighter dav hlau. Lub dashboard ntawm Lavxias teb sab spacecraft "Mars-1" yog ua los ntawm 1570 txhuas scandium alloy, nrog rau tag nrho cov luj ntawm 20%. Cov khoom siv thauj khoom ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas ntawm Mars-96 spacecraft yog ua los ntawm 1970 aluminium alloy uas muaj scandium, txo qhov hnyav ntawm qhov ntsuas ntsuas los ntawm 10%. Nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm "Clean Sky" thiab EU txoj haujlwm "2050 Flight Route", Airbus tau ua kev sib koom ua ke cargo tuav lub qhov rooj tsim, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho, kev tsim, thiab kev teeb tsa kev sim davhlau rau A321 dav hlau raws li qib AA5028-H116 aluminium scandium alloy ntawm 5024 aluminium scandium alloy. Aluminium scandium alloys sawv cev los ntawm AA5028 ua tau zoo heev thiab kev ua haujlwm vuam. Siv cov txheej txheem vuam zoo tshaj plaws xws li kev sib txhuam do vuam thiab laser vuam kom ua tiav kev sib txuas txhim khu kev qha ntawm scandium uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv txhuas alloy. Kev ua haujlwm maj mam ua "vuam tsis siv riveting" hauv cov dav hlau siv cov phaj nyias nyias tsis tsuas yog tswj xyuas qhov sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv dav hlau thiab kev ncaj ncees, ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab raug nqi qis, tab sis kuj muaj qhov hnyav thiab kev sib khi. Daim ntawv thov kev tshawb fawb ntawm aluminium scandium 5B70 alloy los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Aerospace Special Materials Research Institute tau tawg los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev muaj zog spinning ntawm cov phab ntsa tuab sib txawv, tswj kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab lub zog sib txuam, thiab kev tswj cov vuam residual kev ntxhov siab. Nws tau npaj aluminium scandium alloy adaptive vuam hlau, thiab sib koom ua ke lub zog coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam do vuam rau tuab daim hlau hauv cov hlau tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.92. Tuam Tshoj Academy of Space Technology, Central South University, thiab lwm tus tau ua ntau yam kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo thiab cov txheej txheem kev sim ntawm 5B70 cov khoom, hloov kho thiab rov ua cov txheej txheem xaiv cov khoom siv rau 5A06, thiab tau pib siv 5B70 aluminium alloy rau lub ntsiab qauv. ntawm tag nrho cov reinforced phab ntsa panels ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb qhov chaw kaw alarm thiab rov qab alarm. Tag nrho cov phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov phaj qauv pressurized alarm yog tsim los nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tawv nqaij thiab cov hlua khi, ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntau dua thiab qhov hnyav dua. Thaum txhim kho tag nrho cov rigidity thiab lub zog, nws txo cov naj npawb thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sib txuas cov khoom, yog li txo qhov hnyav ntxiv thaum tswj kev ua haujlwm siab. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm 5B70 cov khoom siv engineering, kev siv 5B70 cov khoom yuav maj mam nce thiab tshaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov pib, uas yuav pab ua kom cov khoom tsis tu ncua thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv raw, thiab txo cov nqi raw khoom. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam khoom ntawm aluminium alloys tau txhim kho los ntawm scandium microalloying, tus nqi siab thiab qhov tsis txaus ntawm scandium txwv cov ntawv thov ntau ntawm aluminium scandium alloys. Piv nrog rau cov khoom siv aluminium alloy xws li Al Cu, Al Zn, Al ZnMg, scandium uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv txhuas alloy muaj cov khoom siv zoo, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm zoo, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev thov dav dav hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev. industrial teb xws li aerospace. Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tob zuj zus ntawm scandium microalloying thev naus laus zis thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov saw hlau sib txuam, cov nqi thiab cov nqi uas txwv cov kev lag luam loj ntawm scandium aluminium alloys yuav maj mam txhim kho. Cov khoom zoo txhua yam, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm zoo ntawm aluminium scandium alloys ua rau lawv muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov hnyav txo qhov zoo thiab muaj peev xwm siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom aviation.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-29-2024