Lanthanide
Lanthanide, lanthanid
Lus Txhais: Cov ntsiab lus 57 txog 71 nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm teev. Lub ntsiab lus dav dav rau 15 lub ntsiab lus ntawm lanthanum mus rau lutetium. Qhia ua Ln. Lub valence electron configuration yog 4f0 ~ 145d0 ~ 26s2, teej tug mus rau lub internal hloov caij;Lanthanumtsis muaj 4f electrons kuj raug cais tawm los ntawm lanthanide system.
Kev qhuab qhia: Chemistry_ Inorganic chemistry_ Elements and Inorganic chemistry
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: hydrogen sponge Nickel-hlau hydride roj teeb
Cov pab pawg ntawm 15 yam zoo sib xws ntawm lanthanum thiablutetiumNyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm yog hu ua Lanthanide. Lanthanum yog thawj lub hauv paus hauv Lanthanide, nrog rau cov cim tshuaj La thiab Atomic naj npawb 57. Lanthanum yog ib qho mos mos (tuaj yeem txiav ncaj qha nrog rab riam), ductile, thiab nyiaj dawb hlau uas maj mam poob nws cov luster thaum raug huab cua. Txawm hais tias lanthanum raug cais raws li lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, nws cov ntsiab lus hauv lub pob zeb yog 28th, yuav luag peb npaug ntawm cov hlau lead. Lanthanum tsis muaj tshuaj lom tshwj xeeb rau tib neeg lub cev, tab sis nws muaj qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob.
Lanthanum compounds muaj ntau yam kev siv thiab tau dav siv hauv catalysts, iav additives, carbon arc teeb nyob rau hauv studio photography teeb los yog projectors, ignition Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv lighters thiab torches, cathode ray tubes, scintillators, GTAW electrodes, thiab lwm yam khoom.
Ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv rau Nickel-hlau hydride roj teeb anode yog La (Ni3.6Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.7). Vim tias tus nqi siab ntawm kev tshem tawm lwm yam Lanthanide, ntshiab lanthanum yuav raug hloov los ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb uas muaj ntau tshaj 50% lanthanum. Hydrogen sponge alloys muaj lanthanum, uas tuaj yeem khaws cia txog 400 npaug ntawm nws tus kheej ntim ntawm hydrogen thaum thim rov qab adsorption thiab tso tawm lub zog cua sov. Yog li ntawd, hydrogen sponge alloys tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lub zog txuag hluav taws xob.Lanthanum oxidethiabLanthanum hexaborideyog siv los ua cov khoom kub cathode hauv electron nqus tsev vacuum. Cov siv lead ua ntawm Lanthanum hexaboride yog lub teeb ci siab thiab lub neej ntev kub hluav taws xob emission qhov chaw rau electron microscopes thiab Hall-effect thruster.
Lanthanum trifluoride yog siv los ua fluorescent teeb txheej, tov nrogEuropium (III) fluoride,thiab siv raws li siv lead ua zaj duab xis ntawm fluoride ion xaiv electrode. Lanthanum trifluoride kuj yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov iav fluoride hnyav hu ua ZBLAN. Nws muaj kev xa tawm zoo heev hauv ntau qhov infrared thiab yog siv dav hauv kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau. Cerium dopedLanthanum (III) bromidethiabLanthanum (III) chloridemuaj cov khoom ntawm lub teeb tso zis siab, pom lub zog daws teeb meem thiab cov lus teb ceev ceev. Lawv yog inorganic Scintillator cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam rau neutrons thiab γ ib tug detector rau hluav taws xob. Cov iav ntxiv nrog Lanthanum oxide muaj qhov ntsuas siab refractive thiab qis dispersion, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho cov alkali tsis kam ntawm iav. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov iav tshwj xeeb kho qhov muag, xws li infrared absorption iav, rau cov koob yees duab thiab tsom iav tsom iav. Ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm lanthanum rau cov hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho nws qhov cuam tshuam thiab ductility, thaum ntxiv lanthanum rau molybdenum tuaj yeem txo nws qhov nyuaj thiab rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias. Lanthanum thiab ntau lub tebchaw ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb (oxides, chlorides, thiab lwm yam) yog cov khoom siv ntawm ntau yam catalysts, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalysts.
Lanthanum carbonatetau pom zoo ua tshuaj. Thaum hyperphosphatemia tshwm sim hauv lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, noj Lanthanum carbonate tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov phosphate hauv cov ntshav kom ncav cuag lub hom phiaj. Lanthanum hloov kho bentonite tuaj yeem tshem tawm phosphate hauv dej kom tsis txhob Eutrophication ntawm cov dej hauv pas dej. Ntau cov khoom lag luam hauv pas dej ua kom huv muaj me me ntawm lanthanum, uas tseem yog tshem tawm phosphate thiab txo qis kev loj hlob ntawm algae. Zoo li Horseradish peroxidase, lanthanum yog siv los ua electron ntom tracer hauv molecular biology.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-01-2023