AQhov piv txwv piv txwv yog tias yog tias roj yog ntshav ntawm kev lag luam, tom qab ntawd tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb yog cov vitamin ntawm kev lag luam.
Lub ntiaj teb tsawg yog cov lus luv ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov hlau. Lub ntiaj teb tsawg, REE) tau pom ib qho tom qab lwm qhov txij li thaum xaus 18th. Muaj 17 hom ntawm FEE, suav nrog 15 li ntawm 15 lub suab (C Cerium (C Cerium (ND), thiab yog li ntawd onat tam sim no, nws muaj tau dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb xws li electronics, petrochemicals thiab metallurgy. Yuav luag txhua txhua 3-5 xyoos, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem tshawb pom cov kev siv tshiab ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj neeg yuav tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb.
Tuam Tshoj yog nplua nuj nyob hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov zaub mov, qeb duas ua ntej peb lub ntiaj teb: thawj zaug hauv cov peev txheej, suav nyiaj txog li 23%; Cov zis yog thawj zaug, kev tswj hwm rau 80% mus rau 90% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg dua cov khoom lag luam; Kev muag khoom ntim yog thawj, nrog 60% txog 70% ntawm cov khoom hauv qab ntiaj teb tsawg kawg hauv ntiaj teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Suav tsuas yog tib lub teb chaws uas tuaj yeem muab txhua lub 17 yam tsis tshua muaj cov hlau, tshwj xeeb yog cov tub rog tsis muaj tub rog.
Ryog lub ntiaj teb yog cov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo cov tswv yim, uas yog hu ua "Industrial cov ntaub ntawv" thiab yog siv dav hauv kev tshawb fawb-Edly thiab kev ua tub rog. Raws li Ministry of Industrial thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv cov ntaub ntawv xws li tsis tshua muaj cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis ntev xws li kev lag luam zoo nkauj, cov khoom siv tshiab thiab tawm tshiab Siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, petrochemical kev lag luam, metallurgy, Machinery, lub zog lag luam, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev ua liaj ua teb thiab lwm yam kev ua liaj ua teb thiab lwm yam kev ua liaj ua teb Cov.
Thaum ntxov li xyoo 1983, Nyiv tau tshawb fawb lub tswv yim pov hwm cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj zaub mov, thiab 83% ntawm nws lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj los ntawm Suav teb.
Saib ntawm lub teb chaws Amelikas ib zaug ntxiv, nws tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv Suav teb, tab sis nws lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj muaj txhua lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj neeg ntiajteb thiab lub ntiajteb tsawg. Hnyav tsawg lub ntiaj teb tseem kim heev, thiab lub teeb tsis tshua muaj chaw nyob rau kuv, uas tau hloov mus ua cov neeg tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob hauv ntiaj teb. 80% ntawm Asmeskas tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb kev lag luam los ntawm Tuam Tshoj.
Comrade Deng Xiaoping ib zaug hais tias: "Muaj cov roj nyob rau hauv Middle East thiab tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb nyob rau Suav teb." Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm nws cov lus yog qhov pom nws tus kheej. Lub ntiaj teb tsawg tsuas yog tsis yog tsim nyog "rau 1/5 cov khoom lag luam high-tech nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj zog sib khom nqi rau Suav teb hauv lub ntiaj teb kev sib tham cov lus yav tom ntej. Tiv thaiv thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv nyiaj ntau hauv ntiaj teb, nws tau dhau los ua neeg muaj peev xwm hu los ntawm ntau cov tib neeg muaj nqis tsis ntev los no los ntawm cov dig muag thiab xa tawm mus rau Western lub teb chaws. Xyoo 1992, Deng Xiaoping tau hais meej meej tias cov xwm txheej raws li lub teb chaws tsawg tsawg.
Sau cov kev siv ntawm 17 tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb
1 Lanthhanum yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv alloy thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab ua liaj ua teb
Cee cerium yog dav siv hauv tsheb iav
3 preaseymium yog dav siv hauv ceramic pigments
Neodymium yog dav siv nyob rau hauv aerospace cov ntaub ntawv
5 Cymbals muab lub zog ntsuas rau lub zog satellites
Daim ntawv thov ntawm 6 Samarium hauv atomic zog reactor
7 Cov Khoom Siv Europium tsim tawm thiab ua kua Crystal qhia tawm
Gadolinium 8 Rau Kev Siv Tshuaj Kho Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Revonance
9 Terbium yog siv rau hauv dav hlau tis tis
10 Erbium yog siv nyob rau hauv laser ravoryfinder hauv cov haujlwm tub rog
11 dysprosium yog siv los ua teeb pom kev zoo rau cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab luam ntawv
12 Holmium yog siv los ua cov khoom siv sib txuas lus kho
13 thulium yog siv rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho cov qog
14 ytterbium additive rau lub computer nco
Daim Ntawv Thov ntawm 15 Lutetium hauv Zog Roj Teeb Tshuab
16 yttrium ua cov xov hlau thiab cov khoom siv dav hlau dav hlau
Scandium feem ntau siv los ua alloys
Cov ntsiab lus yog raws li hauv qab no:
1
Lanthhant (LA)
Hauv kev ua tsov ua rog Gulf, hmo ntuj ua lub ntiaj teb cov cuab yeej hauv ntiaj teb(Cov Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
Lanthhanum tau siv dav hauv cov ntaub ntawv piezoelecal, cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hlua khi, thiab lwm yam altoy, thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntsuab Ntau cov khoom siv organic tshuaj, cov kws tshawb fawb tau hu ua Lanthhanum "super calcium" rau nws cov nyhuv ntawm cov qoob loo.
2
Cerium (CE)
Cee cine tuaj yeem siv los ua catalyst, arc electralt thiab tshwj xeeb iav thiab tshwj xeeb iav.Txhua kev tiv thaiv kom sov thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua kom lub dav hlau tshuab(Cov Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
(1) CeeRium, raws li lub khob additive, tuaj yeem nqus cov roj av ultraviolet thiab tau siv dav hauv lub tsheb ulaviolet, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov ntsuas kub hauv lub tsheb, yog li kom txuag hluav taws xob rau huab cua Qhov mob.Saib 1997, Ceria tau raug ntxiv rau txhua lub tsheb iav hauv Nyij Pooj. Xyoo 1996, tsawg kawg 2000 tons ntawm Ceria tau siv hauv cov iav iav, thiab ntau dua 1000 tons hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
(2) Tam sim no, cerium tau siv nyob rau hauv kev ua pa purification catalyst, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ntau tus nqi ntawm cov roj tso pa tawm ntawm huab cua. Kev tau noj ntawm cerium hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas cov nyiaj rau ib feem peb ntawm cov kev noj ntawm tag nrho ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg.
(3) Cerium Sulfide tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov pigments es tsis muaj hlau, cadmium thiab lwm yam kev ua kom muaj kev phom sij thiab lwm tus. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau xim plastics, cov kua nplaum, number case thiab ntawv lag luam thiab cov ntawv nthuav tawm, cov tuam txhab ua si Fabkis planck.
(4) CE: Lisaf Laser System yog ib qho khoom siv-lub xeev laser tsim los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Nws tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas cov riam phom phom thiab tshuaj los ntawm kev soj ntsuam tryptophan concentration.cepium yog siv dav hauv ntau thaj teb. Yuav luag txhua daim ntawv thov tsis tshua muaj cerium.such li cov ntaub ntawv firbide, cerium catalysts, cov roj av catalysts, cov khoom sib nqus catalysts, cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus hlau, ntau yam alloy Cov hlaus thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau.
3
Preasodymium (PR)
Cov Ntxheb Neodymium alloy
(1) PreaseDmium yog dav siv nyob rau hauv tsev ceramics thiab siv ceramics niaj hnub. Nws tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog lub cav ci ci ua xim ci, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv ua cov xim sab hauv qab. Tus xim xim yog lub teeb daj nrog cov ntshiab thiab muaj kuab heev.
(2) Nws yog siv los tsim cov hlau nplaum tas mus li no. yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lub zog.
(3) siv hauv roj av catalum catalytic cracking.Qhov kev xaiv ua, sab nraud ntawm cov roj av los npaj ua cov roj av los npaj ua cov roj av catalyst.China pib muab tso rau hauv kev lag luam siv hauv xyoo 1970, Thiab kev noj mov yog nce ntxiv.
(4) PreaseMacium tseem tuaj yeem siv rau cov abrasive polishing.in ntxiv, preaseymium yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kho qhov muag fiber.
4
Neodymium (nd)
Vim li cas thiaj pom M1 pom ua ntej? Lub tank yog nruab nrog ND: YAG laser |(Cov Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
Nrog rau lub hnub yug ntawm preasodymium, neodymium tuaj rau hauv ua. Lub sijhawm tuaj txog ntawm cov neeg neodymium ua kom lub teb chaws tsis tshua muaj, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj.
Neodymium tau dhau los ua qhov chaw kub hauv kev ua lag luam tau ntau xyoo vim yog nws txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv thaj teb tsis tshua muaj neeg tsawg. Cov neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm neodymium hlau yog ndfeb cov khoom lag luam tas mus li. Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm NDFERA cov hlau nplaum tau txhaj qhov tseem ceeb tshiab rau hauv lub ntiaj teb muaj kev kub ntxhov siab. NdFeB hlau nplaum yog hu ua "tus huab tais ntawm cov hlau nplaum tas mus li" vim hais tias ntawm nws lub zog sib nqus khoom.Nws tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshuab ua tshuab thiab lwm yam kev lag luam rau nws ua tau zoo heev. Cov kev txhim kho zoo ntawm Alpha sib nqus Spectrometer qhia tias cov khoom sib nqus ntawm NDFEpic cov khoom lag luam hauv Suav teb tau nkag mus hauv thoob ntiaj teb chav kawm. Neodymium kuj tseem siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog ferrous. Ntxiv 1.5-2.5% neodymium rau hauv magnesium lossis txhuas alloy tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias thiab xeb siv raws li cov ntaub ntawv aerospace. Tsis tas li ntawd, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium GARNET cov nqaj luv, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv vuam thiab txiav cov ntaub ntawv nyias nrog qis dua 10 hli hauv kev lag luam. Hauv kev kho mob, ND: YAG laser yog siv los tshem tawm kev phais lossis cov tshuaj tua kab mob hloov dua tshiab es tsis txhob siv lub taub hau. Neodymium kuj tseem siv rau xim iav thiab cov khoom siv tej hub thiab ua cov khoom ntxiv rau cov khoom lag luam roj hmab.
5
Trollium (PM)
Thulium yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim khoom tsim los ntawm nuclear reactors (daim ntawv qhia ntaub ntawv)
(1) tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cua sov. Muab lub zog ntsuas rau lub tshuab nqus tsev kom pom thiab lub tshuab ua cuav.
(2) PM147 emits Tsawg-zog β-rays, uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom noj cymbal roj teeb. Raws li lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov kev taw qhia cov cuab yeej thiab cov moos. Qhov roj teeb no me me me me thiab tuaj yeem siv txuas ntxiv tau ntau xyoo. Ib qho ntxiv, Promethium kuj siv nyob rau hauv portable x- ray twj, kev ntsuas ntawm cov phosphor, ntsuas tuab thiab cov teeb ci ntsa iab.
6
Samarium (sm)
Hlau Samarium (Cov Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
SM yog daj daj, thiab nws yog cov khoom siv raw ntawm SM-CO cov hlau nplaum tas mus li, thiab sm-co hlau nplaum yog lub ntiaj teb ntau dua siv hauv kev lag luam. Muaj ob hom hlau nplaum ruaj khov: SMCO5 system thiab SM2CO17 system. Thaum xyoo 1970, SMCO5 system tau tsim, thiab SM2CO17 system tau tsim nyob rau tom qab lub sijhawm tom qab. Tam sim no qhov kev thov ntawm tom kawg tau muab ua ntej. Lub purity ntawm samarium oxide siv nyob rau hauv Samarium cobal hlau yuav tsum tsis yog dhau lawm. Xav txog tus nqi, feem ntau yog siv txog 95% ntawm cov khoom. Ib qho ntxiv, Samarium oxide kuj yog siv rau hauv cov ceramic ceracitors thiab catalysts. Tsis tas li ntawd, Samarium muaj cov khoom lag luam nuclear, uas tuaj yeem siv ua cov khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm rau atomic zog converors los ntawm nuclear fission tuaj yeem siv tau kev nyab xeeb.
7
Europium (EU)
Europium oxide hmoov (cov duab qhia ntaub ntawv)
Europium oxide feem ntau siv rau phosphors (daim ntawv qhia ntaub ntawv)
Xyoo 1901, Eugene antoledemarcay nrhiav tau ib lub keeb tshiab los ntawm "Samarium", lub npe New Paus. Nov yog zaum muaj npe tom qab lo lus Europe. Europium oxide feem ntau siv rau cov hmoov fluorescent hmoov. EU3 + yog siv los ua cov activator ntawm cov phosphor liab, thiab EU2 + yog siv raws li xiav phosphor. Tam sim no Y2O2S: EU3 + yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws phosphor nyob rau hauv luminous efficiency, nws tau siv dav lawm, nws tau ua dua tshiab li kev txhim kho luminous zoo thiab sib piv. Europium oxide kuj tau siv los ua cov khoom siv tawm suab phosphor rau kev kuaj mob XooRhor tshiab rau xyoo tsis ntev los no. Cov tshuaj oxide oxide kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv tau rau kev tsim cov iav lo ntsiab muag thiab cov txuj ci siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tswj, nws tseem tuaj yeem pom cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov lus piv txwv.
8
Gadolinium (GD)
Gadolinium thiab nws cov isotopes yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws neutron nqus thiab tuaj yeem siv ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm nuclear reactors. (Cov ntaub ntawv qhia)
(1) Nws cov dej-soluble paramagnetic muaj kev txhim kho NMR cov teeb liab teeb liab ntawm tib neeg lub cev hauv kev kho mob.
(2) Nws cov neeg sawv cev tub rog tuaj yeem siv ua MATRIX sib chaws ntawm oscilloscope tub thiab xoo ray screen nrog kev ci tshwj xeeb.
(3) Gadolinium hauv Gadolinium gallium gallium gallet yog qhov zoo tagnrho nkaus xwb substrate rau lub cim xeeb.
(4) Nws tuaj yeem siv tau ua cov khoom sib nqus tub yees nruab nrab yam tsis muaj kev txiav tawm ntawm lub voj voog.
(5) Nws yog siv los ua cov neeg tsis txaus ntseeg los tswj hwm cov kab sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nuclear kom paub meej txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm nuclear kev sib luag.
(6) Nws yog siv los ua kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov hlau me meal cibalt kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua tau zoo tsis hloov nrog qhov kub.
9
Terbium (TB)
Terbium oxide hmoov (cov duab qhia))
The application of terbium mostly involves the high-tech field, which is a cutting-edge project with technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive, as well as a project with remarkable economic benefits, with attractive development prospects.
(1) Cov phosphors tau siv los ua cov hmoov ntsuab hauv cov lus zoo li qub, ua kom muaj cerium-activate aluminate matrix, uas tag nrho emit ntsuab lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub xeev zoo siab.
(2) Magneto-optical cia khoom. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, Terbium Magneto-cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag tau mus txog qhov ntsuas ntawm pawg ntau lawm. Magneto-optical discs ua los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab TB-
(3) Cov iav MOTERCETO-optical, terbium-muaj faraday cov khoom siv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom, cais tawm hauv cov tshuab laser. Tshwj xeeb, kev txhim kho ntawm Terfenol tau qhib ib daim ntawv thov tshiab ntawm Terfenol, uas yog cov khoom siv tshiab tau tshawb pom xyoo 1970. Ib nrab ntawm cov alloy no muaj terbium thiab lub sij hawm nrog Holmium thiab cov so yog thawj tsim los ntawm Amowa, USA. Thaum Terfenol tau muab tso rau hauv daim teb sib nqus, nws qhov loj hloov ntau dua li cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau qee cov neeg kho tshuab sib xyaw ua tau. Terbium Dysprosium yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv sonar thaum xub thawj, thiab tau siv dav hlau tswj, micrevatoret kev tswj, kev siv tshuab thiab tis tis rau cov chaw dav dav rau cov dav hlau tsom iav.
10
Dy (dy)
Hlau Dysprosium (Daim Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
(1) raws li kev sib ntxiv ntawm NDFERAt cov hlau nplaum, ntxiv txog 2 ~ 3% dysprosium rau cov hlau nplaum no tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub zog quab yuam. Yav dhau los, qhov kev thov rau dysprosium tsis loj, tab sis nrog qhov nce ntxiv ntawm NDFEtage, thiab cov qib yuav tsum muaj txog 95 ~ 99.9%, thiab qhov kev thov ntxiv kuj nce sai.
(2) dysprosium yog siv los ua tus activator ntawm phosphor. Kev sib tw dysprosium yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa kom ua haujlwm ion ntawm Tricolor Luminescent cov ntaub ntawv nrog ib lub luminescence nkaus xwb. Nws tsuas yog muaj ob plab emission, ib qho yog lub teeb pom kev zoo, lwm qhov yog xiav lub teeb tso tawm. Lub luminescent doped nrog dysprosium tuaj yeem siv ua cov phosphor.
(3) Dysprosium yog ib qho tsim nyog cov khoom siv ua khoom siv rau kev npaj cov khoom siv terfenol rau hauv magnetostrictrictrictive alloy, uas tuaj yeem paub qee cov kev ua ub no kom raug. (4) Cov hlau dysprosium tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv magneto-kho qhov muag nrog cov ntaub ntawv ceev thiab nyeem rhiab.
(5) siv nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm dysprosium teeb, qhov ua haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv cov teeb meem zoo, uas muaj qhov loj me, ruaj khov arc thiab yog li ntawm, thiab tau siv Raws li teeb pom kev rau zaj duab xis thiab luam ntawv.
(6) Dysprosium yog siv los ntsuas kev siv hluav taws xob neutron zog lossis tsis muaj zog hauv atomic zog kev lag luam vim tias nws cov loj neutron ntes hla cheeb tsam ntawm ntu.
(7) DY3al5o12 kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov khoom siv ua haujlwm sib nqus rau cov tub yees sib luag. Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, daim ntawv teev cov ntawv thov yuav nthuav dav ntxiv thiab txuas ntxiv.
11
Holmium (ho)
Ho-Fe Alloy (Daim Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
Tam sim no, daim ntawv thov teb ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum tau tsim ntxiv, thiab kev noj tsis loj heev. Tsis ntev los no, lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb hauv ntiaj teb ntawm Baoot hlau tau txais kev kub siab thiab tsim muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj tsawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj.
Tam sim no, lub ntsiab siv ntawm lub xauv yog:
(1) Ua cov khoom sib ntxiv ntawm lub teeb halogen, hlau lub teeb lub teeb ci ntsa iab, uas tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom tawm ntawm cov roj merculy, thiab nws cov yam ntxwv yog ntim nrog ntau lub ntiaj teb. Tam sim no, tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb Iodides tsuas yog siv, uas emit emit sib txawv cov kab thaum roj tso tawm. Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tau siv hauv lub teeb txawb yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov raj hlau ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tau txais hauv thaj chaw arc, yog li txhim kho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
(2) Cov hlau tuaj yeem siv los ua kev ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv hlau lossis nphion aluminium garnet
(3) Khin-doped aluminium garnet (ho: yag) tuaj yeem emit 2um laser, thiab yuav luag peb qhov kev txiav txim siab dua li ntawm HD: YAG. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv HO: YAG LASER rau kev ua haujlwm kev ua haujlwm, nws tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ua haujlwm thermal puas rau qhov me me. Cov nqaj dawb tau tsim los ntawm lub xauv siv cov rog tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov nqaij thermal ntau dhau, nws tau tshaj tawm tias kev kho kom zoo dua qub, nws tau tshaj tawm tias kev kho mob W-funch ntau dhau, nws tau tshaj tawm tias W-Taser Kev Kho Mob, nws tau tshaj tawm tias W-Taser Kev Kho Mob, nws tau tshaj tawm tias W-Laser Kev Kho Mob ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev phais mob.Qhov qib Ntawm 2um laser crystal hauv Suav teb tau mus txog hauv International qib, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv laser no.
(4) Ib qho nyiaj me me uas tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv cov magnetostrictrictrictrictrictrictrictive alloy terfenol-d kom txo sab nraud daim teb uas yuav tsum muaj rau sakesation motivation.
(5) Ntxiv rau, hlau cov fiber ntau tuaj yeem siv los ua cov fiber ntau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv hauv kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub fiber ntau
12
Erbium (er)
Yawg Oxide Hmoov (Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qhia)
(1) Lub teeb pom kev ntawm ER3 + ntawm 1550nm yog ntawm tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb, vim tias lub nthwv dej tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj fiber ntau hauv kev sib txuas lus muaj fiber ntau. Tom qab tau zoo siab heev los ntawm 980nm thiab 1480nm teeb, tus kab nuv ntses Ion (Eons Iion (ER3 +) kev hloov pauv hauv av rov qab mus rau hauv av lub xeev, Nws emits 1550nm teeb. Quartz fiber tuaj yeem xa tawm lub teeb txawv, txawm li cas los xij, kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag yog qhov qis dua kev sib txuas lus muaj kev sib txuas lus tsawg tshaj plaws yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thaum Nws yog siv raws li teeb liab teeb ntawm 1550 nm.in li no txoj kev, yog tias cov kab ke tsim nyog tau los sib xyaw ua ke raws li cov kab ke laser, yog li ntawd, hauv kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus uas Yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj teeb meem 1550nm kho kho kho kho kho kho kho kho kho kho kho qhov muag doped fiber ntau tshaj yog qhov tseem ceeb kho qhov muag. Tam sim no, tus kab nuv ntses doped Silica Fiber ntau tau tshaj tawm tias yuav kom tsis txhob muaj ntau yam kev sib txuas lus siv kho tshiab yuav qhib tau cov ntawv thov tshiab Cov.
(2) (2) Ntxiv rau, cov kab nuv ntses Laser Frystal, cov khoom xa tawm zoo rau tib neeg cov khoom lag luam, muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo, tsis yog qhov yooj yim los kuaj pom los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, thiab qhov sib piv ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntawm cov tub rog cov hom phiaj yog loj. Nws tau ua rau hauv lub laser laser noo noo uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg lub qhov muag hauv kev siv tub rog.
(3) (3) ER3 + tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv lub khob kom tsis tshua muaj cov khoom siv laser nrog lub zog loj tshaj plaws thiab cov zis ntau tshaj plaws.
(4) ER3 + kuj tseem siv tau los ua ib qho kev nquag ion hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj nce lub ntiaj teb.
(5) (5) (5) (5) (5)
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Thulium (TM)
Tom qab tau ua rau muaj kev siv reactor, thenlear ua tau ib qho isotope uas tuaj yeem tso duab xoo hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv X-ray rayable(Cov Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
(1)TM yog siv los ua cov duab tshav ntawm lub tshuab xoo hluav taws xob portable. Tom qab tau irradiated nyob rau hauv nuclear reactor,TMtsim ib hom ntawm isotope uas tuaj yeem tawm xoo hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua kom ntshav tsis muaj ntshav. Qhov rai hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem hloov yu-169 rau hauvTM-170 nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm High thiab nruab nrab xoo hluav taws xob, thiab retiate xoo hluav taws xob rau cov ntshav tsis txaus ntseeg thiab txo cov ntshav dawb. Nws yog cov ntshav dawb uas ua rau tsis lees txais ntawm kev hloov chaw nruab nrog cev, yog li kom txo tau cov kabmob ntawm nruab nrab ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum.
(2) (2)TMKuj tseem siv tau rau hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho ntshav vim nws lub ntiaj teb muaj ntau dua li lub ntiaj teb tsawg dua li yu yog qhov loj tshaj plaws.
(3) (3) Tus X-Ray Sensitizer Laobr: Br (xiav) yog siv los ua cov duab hluav taws xob kom zoo nkauj, yog li txo cov kab mob kho qhov muag thiab kev phom sij ntawm xoo hluav taws xob rau tib neeg × Cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob yog 50%, uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb ua tau rau kev ceeb toom hauv kev kho mob.
(4) (4) Lub teeb txawb hlau siv tau ua rau muaj cov roj ntsha ntxiv hauv qhov teeb pom kev zoo tshiab.
(5) (5) TM3 + tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv lub khob kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom siv roj av uas muaj zog thiab cov zis ntau tshaj plaws. ntawm tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb upconversion laser cov ntaub ntawv.
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Ytterbium (yb)
Ytterbium hlau (cov ntaub ntawv qhia)
(1) raws li cov khoom siv thermal los ntawm cov khoom siv .Qhov kev pom zoo
(2) raws li cov khoom siv magnetostrict.tis cov khoom muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm greatterict, uas yog, contrite alloy, thiab ib qho kev faib ua feem ntawm manganese tau ntxiv los tsim Giant MagnetosTster.
(3) daim iav caij siv rau kev ntsuas siab. Kev sim qhia tau tias qhov rhiab ntawm daim iav caij yog siab nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas ntsuas siab ntau, uas qhib txoj kev tshiab rau kev ntsuas ntsuas.
(4) Resin-hais txog cov kab noj hniav ntawm cov hniav looj tes los hloov cov nyiaj amalgam feem ntau siv yav dhau los.
(5) Cov kws tshawb fawb Japanese tau ua tiav tiav qhov kev npaj ntawm daim iav-doped vanadium baht gaveGuide laser, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov tshuab laser. Ntxiv rau, daim iav tseem siv rau fluorescent hmoov activator, xov tooj cua lub cim xeeb) ntxiv, iav fiber flux thiab cov iav kho qhov muag ntxiv, thiab lwm yam.
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Lutetium (Lu)
Lutetium oxide hmoov (cov duab qhia)
Yttrium Lutetium Silisle Crystal (Cov Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
(1) ua ib qho tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, Lutetium alloy alloy tuaj yeem siv rau Neutron ua kom tsom xam.
(2) ruaj khov lutetium nuclides ua si lub luag haujlwm catalytic hauv roj av tawg, alkylation, hydrogenation thiab polymerization.
(3) Ntxiv rau ntawm yttrium hlau lossis yttrium aluminium garnet tuaj yeem txhim kho qee yam khoom.
(4) Cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm cov khoom sib nqus npuas uas muaj dej sibloo.
(5) Ib qho kev sib thooj ua lead ua lead ua, lutetium-doped aluminium noog Kev sim qhia tias Lutetium-doped nyob crystal yog zoo dua rau Nyab Crystal hauv kev ua haujlwm kho qhov muag thiab laser.
(6) Nws tau pom tias Lutetium muaj cov ntawv thov muaj peev xwm hauv electrochromic zaub thiab qis-seem molecular sandiconductors. Tsis tas li ntawd, Lutetium tseem siv nyob rau hauv lub zog roj teeb tshuab thiab cov activator ntawm phosphor.
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Yttrium (y)
Yttrium yog dav siv, yttrium txhuas garnet, yttrium vanadate thiab Europium hluav taws xob ultrium thiab cov tshuaj lom hluav taws xob yog siv los phosphors rau xim TV. (Cov ntaub ntawv qhia)
(1) Ntxiv rau cov hlau thiab cov tsis muaj ferroloks. Fecr Alloy feem ntau muaj 0.5-4% yttrium, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov oxidation tsis kam thiab ductility ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau; Qhov kev nkag siab ntawm MB26 Alloy tau txhim kho ntawm yttrium-nplua nuj xyaw tsis tshua muaj cua daj cua dub alloys thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw sib cav sib ceg ntawm cov dav hlau. Ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm cov yttrium-nplua nuj tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb rau hauv Al-ZR Alloy, qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov alloy tuaj yeem txhim kho; Lub alloy tau raug saws los ntawm feem ntau cov hlau Hoobkas nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Ntxiv yttrium rau hauv cov xim tooj liab alloy txhim kho conductivity thiab kev kho tshuab zog.
(2) silicon nitride tej cuab yeej muaj 6% yttrium thiab 2% txhuas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov chaw cav.
(3) ND: Y: GARNET Laser Beam nrog lub zog ntawm 400 watts yog siv los tho, txiav thiab weld cov khoom loj.
(4) Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsom iav tsim los ntawm Y-Garnet ib leeg siv lead ua muaj siab lub teeb ci ntsa iab, thiab kev ua kom zoo kub ua rau thiab cov neeg kho tshuab hnav tsis kam.
(5) High YTTRium qauv alloy muaj 90%
(6) yttrium-doped srzro3 cov proton-kub ua rau cov khoom siv roj, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov roj hlwb, cov roj txheem elenolytic thiab cov roj txheem siab xav tau hydrogen solubility. Ib qho ntxiv, yttrium tseem siv tau ua cov khoom siv kub siab, ua rau cov khoom siv piv rau cov khoom siv sib nqus, thiab cov getter hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob.
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Scandium (SC)
Hlau Scandium (Cov Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
Piv nrog yttrium thiab luslhanide hais, scandium muaj qhov tshwj xeeb me me ionic radius thiab ib qho tshwj xeeb tsis muaj zog alkalinity ntawm hydroxide. Yog li ntawd, thaum scandium thiab tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb sib xyaw ua ke, yog li nws tuaj yeem kho tau yooj yim los ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm "cov nag los nag". Lwm txoj hauv kev yog siv polariat decomposition of nitrosation ntawm kev sib cais.Scandium nitrate yog qhov yooj yim rau kev sib cais, yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj sib cais.
Sc tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm electrolysis. Sccc3, KCL thiab LAL yog co-yaj yog co-yaj thaum lub sijhawm ua kom zoo nkauj, thiab tom qab no zinc tau evaporated kom tau scandium. Ib qho ntxiv, scandium yog yooj yim zoo thaum ua ore los tsim uranium, thorium thiab caj pas. Kev rov zoo dua ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov kev sib txuam ntawm lub tungsten thiab tin ore kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm scandium.scandium yog mAinly nyob rau hauv lub xeev trangentent nyob rau hauv compound, uas yog yooj yim oxidized rau hauv sc2o3 hauv huab cua thiab poob rau hauv grey tsaus.
Lub ntsiab siv ntawm scandium yog:
(1) Scandium tuaj yeem hloov kho nrog dej kub kom tso cov hydrogen, thiab tseem yog soluble hauv acid, yog li nws yog tus sawv cev muaj zog.
(2) Scandium oxide thiab hydroxide tsuas yog alkaline, tab sis nws cov ntsev tshauv tuaj yeem yog hydrolyzed. Scandium chloride yog dawb siv lead ua, soluble hauv dej thiab deliquescent hauv huab cua. (3) Kev lag luam metallurgical, scandium feem ntau siv los ua alloys (ntxiv cov alloys) los txhim kho lub zog, hardness, kub tsis kam thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov alloys. Piv txwv li, ntxiv me me ntawm scandium tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv hlau, thaum ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm cov hlau cam tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub zog thiab cua sov ua kom tau.
(4) Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, scandium tuaj yeem siv ua ntau yam khoom siv semiconductor. Piv txwv li, daim ntawv thov ntawm scandium sulfite nyob rau hauv semiconductors tau nyiam nyob hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, thiab cov ferrite muaj scandium kuj muaj lus cog tseg hauvKhoos phib tawj sib nqus cores.
(5) Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, scandium compound yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev dej haus cawv thiab cov tshuaj tua dej lub cev qhuav dej rau kev ua pov tseg hydrochloric acid.
(6) Hauv kev lag luam iav, tsom iav tshwj xeeb muaj scandium tuaj yeem tsim tau.
(7) Nyob rau hauv lub teeb hluav taws xob teeb kev lag luam, scandium thiab sodium teeb ua los ntawm teeb meem thiab sodium muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo.
(8) Scandium muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 45sc hauv xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cuaj lub xov tooj cua isotopes ntawm scandium, namely 40 ~ 44sc thiab 46 ~ 49sc. Ntawm lawv, 46sc, raws li ib tug tracer, tau siv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, metallurgy thiab xim av. Hauv cov tshuaj, muaj cov neeg mus txawv tebchaws uas siv 46sc kom kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Lub sij hawm ncua: Jul-04-2022