Dysprosium,cim Dy thiab atomic tooj 66. Nws yog arare ntiaj teb elementnrog metallic luster. Dysprosium yeej tsis tau pom los ua ib yam khoom hauv qhov xwm txheej, txawm hais tias nws muaj nyob hauv ntau yam minerals xws li yttrium phosphate.
Qhov ntau ntawm dysprosium nyob rau hauv lub crust yog 6ppm, uas yog qis dua li ntawm
yttriumnyob rau hauv hnyav rare ntiaj teb ntsiab. Nws suav hais tias yog ib qho hnyav hnyav
lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj thiab muab cov peev txheej zoo rau nws daim ntawv thov.
Dysprosium hauv nws lub xeev ntuj yog tsim los ntawm xya isotopes, nrog rau ntau tshaj yog 164 Dy.
Dysprosium tau pib pom los ntawm Paul Achilleck de Bospoland hauv xyoo 1886, tab sis nws tsis yog txog thaum kev txhim kho ion txauv thev naus laus zis hauv xyoo 1950 tias nws tau cais tawm tag nrho. Dysprosium muaj tsawg daim ntawv thov vim nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm lwm yam tshuaj.
Soluble dysprosium ntsev muaj me ntsis toxicity, thaum insoluble ntsev yog suav hais tias yog non-toxic.
Nrhiav keeb kwm
Tshawb nrhiav los ntawm: L. Boisbaudran, Fabkis
Tshawb nrhiav hauv 1886 hauv Fabkis
Tom qab Mossander sib caiserbiumntiaj teb thiabterbiumntiaj teb los ntawm yttrium ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv 1842, ntau chemists siv spectral tsom xam thiab txiav txim tias lawv tsis yog ntshiab oxides ntawm ib lub caij, uas txhawb chemists mus txuas ntxiv cais lawv. Xya xyoo tom qab kev sib cais ntawm holmium, xyoo 1886, Bouvabadrand tau muab faib ua ib nrab thiab khaws cia holmium, lwm lub npe hu ua dysprosium, nrog lub cim tseem ceeb Dy. Lo lus no los ntawm Greek lo lus dysprositos thiab txhais tau tias 'nyuaj tau'. Nrog rau kev tshawb pom ntawm dysprosium thiab lwm yam tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb, lwm ib nrab ntawm theem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev tshawb pom tau tiav.
Electron configuration
Electronic layout:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10
isotope
Hauv nws lub xeev ntuj, dysprosium yog tsim los ntawm xya isotopes: 156Dy, 158Dy, 160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 163Dy, thiab 164Dy. Tag nrho cov no suav hais tias ruaj khov, txawm tias 156Dy lwj nrog ib nrab-lub neej ntawm ntau tshaj 1 * 1018 xyoo. Ntawm cov isotopes tshwm sim, 164Dy yog qhov ntau tshaj ntawm 28%, ua raws li 162Dy ntawm 26%. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txaus yog 156Dy, 0.06%. 29 radioactive isotopes kuj tau raug tsim tawm, xws li 138 txog 173, hais txog atomic mass. Qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws yog 154Dy nrog ib nrab-lub neej ntawm kwv yees li 3106 xyoo, ua raws li 159Dy nrog ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 144.4 hnub. Qhov tsis ruaj khov tshaj plaws yog 138 Dy nrog ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 200 milliseconds. 154Dy feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm alpha lwj, thaum 152Dy thiab 159Dy lwj feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm electron capture.
Hlau
Dysprosium muaj ib tug hlau luster thiab ib tug ci nyiaj luster. Nws yog mos heev thiab tuaj yeem ua machined yam tsis muaj sparking yog tias tsis txhob overheating. Lub cev lub cev ntawm dysprosium raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ib qho me me ntawm impurities. Dysprosium thiab holmium muaj lub zog sib nqus siab tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qhov kub thiab txias. Ib qho yooj yim dysprosium ferromagnet dhau los ua helical antiferromagnetic xeev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab 85 K (-188.2 C) thiab siab dua 85 K (-188.2 C), qhov twg tag nrho cov atoms yog tib yam rau hauv qab txheej ntawm ib lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb thiab ntsib cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub kaum sab xis. . Qhov txawv txav antiferromagnetism hloov mus rau hauv lub xeev tsis meej (paramagnetic) ntawm 179 K (-94 C).
Daim ntawv thov:
(1) Raws li ib qho ntxiv rau neodymium hlau boron cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, ntxiv txog 2-3% dysprosium rau hom hlau nplaum no tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov coercivity. Yav dhau los, qhov kev thov rau dysprosium tsis siab, tab sis nrog kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau neodymium hlau boron hlau nplaum, nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom tsim nyog ntxiv, nrog rau qib ntawm 95-99.9%, thiab qhov kev thov tseem nce sai.
(2) Dysprosium yog siv los ua tus activator rau phosphors, thiab trivalent Dysprosium yog ib qho kev cog lus ua kom muaj zog ion rau ib qho chaw emission tricolor luminescent cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ob pawg emissions, ib qho yog daj emission, thiab lwm yam yog xiav emission. Dysprosium doped luminescent cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem siv ua tricolor phosphors.
(3) Dysprosium yog cov khoom siv hlau tsim nyog rau kev npaj cov hlau loj magnetostrictive Terfenol, uas tuaj yeem ua kom cov neeg kho tshuab ua kom tiav.
(4)Dysprosium hlau tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv kho qhov muag magneto nrog cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev thiab kev nyeem ntawv rhiab heev.
(5) Rau kev npaj dysprosium teeb, cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siv hauv dysprosium teeb yog dysprosium iodide. Hom teeb no muaj qhov zoo xws li lub teeb ci siab, xim zoo, xim kub, me me, thiab ruaj khov arc. Nws tau siv los ua lub teeb pom kev zoo rau cov yeeb yaj kiab, luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam kev siv teeb pom kev zoo.
(6) Vim lub loj neutron capture cross-sectional cheeb tsam ntawm dysprosium caij, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub atomic zog kev lag luam los ntsuas neutron spectra los yog raws li ib tug neutron absorber.
(7) Dy3Al5O12 kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov khoom sib nqus ua haujlwm rau cov tub yees sib nqus. Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, daim ntawv thov kev lag luam ntawm dysprosium yuav txuas ntxiv nthuav dav thiab txuas ntxiv.
(8) Dysprosium compound nanofibers muaj lub zog siab thiab thaj chaw saum npoo, yog li lawv tuaj yeem siv los ntxiv dag zog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv lossis ua catalysts. Ua kom sov cov kua dej ntawm DyBr3 thiab NaF ntawm 450 bar siab rau 17 teev txog 450 ° C tuaj yeem tsim cov dysprosium fluoride fibers. Cov khoom no tuaj yeem nyob hauv ntau yam kev daws teeb meem rau ntau tshaj 100 teev yam tsis muaj kev sib cais lossis sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 400 ° C.
(9) Thermal rwb thaiv tsev demagnetization tub yees siv tej yam paramagnetic dysprosium ntsev crystals, xws li dysprosium gallium garnet (DGG), dysprosium aluminium garnet (DAG), thiab dysprosium hlau garnet (DyIG).
(10) Dysprosium cadmium oxide pawg cov khoom sib txuas yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem siv los kawm txog tshuaj lom neeg. Dysprosium thiab nws cov tebchaw muaj zog sib nqus, ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia xws li hard drives.
(11) Cov neodymium ib feem ntawm neodymium hlau boron hlau nplaum tuaj yeem hloov nrog dysprosium kom muaj zog thiab txhim kho cov cua sov ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Nws yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov nrog kev ua haujlwm siab xws li hluav taws xob tsheb tsav lub cev muaj zog. Cov tsheb uas siv hom hlau nplaum no tuaj yeem muaj txog li 100 grams ntawm dysprosium ib lub tsheb. Raws li Toyota qhov kwv yees muag txhua xyoo ntawm 2 lab lub tsheb, nws yuav sai sai no deplete lub ntiaj teb no cov khoom ntawm dysprosium hlau. Cov hlau nplaum hloov nrog dysprosium kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion siab.
(12) Dysprosium compounds tuaj yeem siv los ua catalysts hauv roj refining thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam. Yog tias dysprosium ntxiv raws li tus qauv txhawb nqa hauv ferrioxide ammonia synthesis catalyst, cov kev ua haujlwm catalytic thiab kub tsis kam ntawm cov catalyst tuaj yeem txhim kho. Dysprosium oxide tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau zaus dielectric ceramic, nrog cov qauv ntawm Mg0-Ba0-Dy0n-Ti02, uas tuaj yeem siv rau dielectric resonators, dielectric lim, dielectric diplexers, thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas lus.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-23-2023