Preaseymiumyog qhov thib peb feem ntau muaj keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub caij cov lus ntawm cov tshuaj, nrog ib tug nplua mais ntawm 9.5 ppm nyob rau hauv crust, tsuas yog qis duaxiIAB, yttrium,lus qhia, thiabscandiumCov. Nws yog qhov thib tsib tshaj plaws muaj txiaj ntsig nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj. Tab sis ib yam li nws lub npe,Preaseymiumyog ib tug neeg yooj yim thiab tsis tsim nyog ntawm tsev neeg tsis tshua muaj.
CF aurer von welsbach nrhiav tau praseodymium nyob rau xyoo 1885.
Xyoo 1751, Swedish Mineralogist Fredrik cronstedt pom muaj cov ntxhia hnyav hauv qhov chaw me me, uas tau tom qab npe. Peb caug xyoo tom qab, kaum tsib xyoos vilhelm hooking los ntawm tsev neeg uas yog tus coj mus kuaj rau Carl Scheele, tab sis nws tsis tau pom muaj cov ntsiab lus tshiab. Xyoo 1803, tom qab hu nkauj tau los ua tus kws ntaus hlau, nws tau rov qab mus rau thaj chaw me me nrog J GACE Oxide, uas lawv nrhiav tau ob xyoos dhau los. Ceria tau sib cais tau sib cais ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm Martin Heinrich Klaproth nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.
Nruab nrab ntawm 1839 thiab 1843, Swedish kws phais neeg thiab Chemist Carl Gustaf Moszer nrhiav tau tiascerium oxideyog sib xyaw ntawm cov oxides. Nws cais ob lwm tus oxides, uas nws hu ua Lantana thiab Didymia "Dymia" (txhais tau tias "menyuam ntxaib" hauv Greek). Nws ib nrab decomposed lubcerium nitrateQauv los ntawm ci nws hauv huab cua, thiab tom qab ntawd kho nws nrog dilute nitric acid kom tau cov oxide. Cov hlau uas tsim cov tshuaj oxides yog vim li cas muaj npelus qhiathiabPreaseymium.
Xyoo 1885, CF Auer Von Welsbach, ib tug Austrian tus neeg muaj suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag Ib qho yog muaj npe "preaseymium", uas los ntawm Greek lo lus Prason, lub ntsiab lus ntsuab compound vim muaj kev daws teeb meem ntsev yuav nthuav tawm cov xim ntsuab ci; Lwm lub keeb yog npe "Neodymium". Cov kev vam meej sib cais ntawm cov menyuam ntxaib "conjoined ntxaib" ua haujlwm rau lawv los tso lawv cov peev xwm.
Nyiaj Dawb Hlau, mos thiab ductile. Cov qauv muaj lead ua ke ntawm chav tsev kub. Lub corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv huab cua muaj zog tshaj li ntawm Lanthhan, cerium, centimes, tab sis thaum twg kis tau yooj yim tus qauv corrodes tsis pub dhau ib xyoos.
Zoo li feem ntauTsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb ntsiab lus, preaseymium feem ntau yuav tsim A + 3 oxidation xeev, uas yog nws lub xeev ruaj khov hauv cov kev daws teeb meem aqueous. Inaseodymium muaj nyob hauv A + 4 oxidation lub xeev hauv qee qhov kev paub sib cais, thiab nyob rau hauv matrix sib cais tej yam kev mob, nws tuaj yeem mus cuag ib qho tshwj xeeb + 5 oxidation lub xeev ntawm cov lus teb.
Lub aqueous preasemium ion ion yog lub tsev muaj kev lag luam, thiab ntau cov kev lag luam ntawm praseymium muaj peev xwm lim lub teeb daj.
Preasodymium Electronic txheej
Cov pa hluav taws hluav taws xob:
1s2 2S2 2P6 3s2 3p6 4S2 3P6 4PS2 4D10 5P6 5F3
Lub 59 electrons ntawm preaseodymium tau npaj raws li [XE] 4F36S2. Theoretically, tag nrho tsib txheej hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv raws li kev tsim hluav taws xob, tab sis kev siv ntawm tag nrho cov hluav taws xob tsib txheej uas yuav tsum tau ua rau muaj kev mob siab. Feem ntau, preaseymium tsuas yog emits peb lossis plaub lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv nws cov lus sib txuas. PreaseodyMium yog thawj lub keeb kwm ntawm lub caij nyoog nrog kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob uas ua raws li Aufbia cov ntsiab cai. Nws 4f orbital muaj qis dua cov qib qis dua li 5F orbital tsis tshwm sim kom txog thaum tom qab lawb tawm mus txog 5D plhaub hauv Cerium. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov khoom pov thawj preasemium kev ua pov thawj ib [XE] 4f25d16S2 qhov chaw nyob hauv lub cav me me (tshwj tsis yog muaj ntau yam ntawm nws yog xim hlau xeev).
Zoo li feem ntau ntawm cov lag luam hauv paus, praseodymium feem ntau siv tsuas yog muaj peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsuas yog 5F thiab 6s, thiab nce ntxiv nrog kev nce ntawm ionic. Txawm li cas los xij, preaseymium tseem tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus poob plaub thiab qee zaum ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab lub zog ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab lub zog ntawm 4f sai sai.
Preasodymium thiab tag nrho cov lus ntawm cov caj pas (tshwj tsis yoglus qhia, ytterbiumthiablitetium, tsis muaj ib lub 4f hluav taws xob tsis tau) yog paramagnetism ntawm chav tsev kub. Tsis zoo li lwm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov hlau uas nthuav tawm cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb los yog ferromagnetic cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm tsis tshua muaj qhov kub thiab txias rau txhua qhov kub siab tshaj 1k
Daim ntawv thov ntawm preaseymium
Cov tswv yim tshaj plaws feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov av hlau tsis tshua muaj, kev hloov kho tus neeg sawv cev, ua liaj ua teb tsis tshua muaj av, thiab lwm yam.PreaseDymium neodymiumyog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj rau cais khub khub ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg, uas nyuaj rau cais los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg. Kev lag luam ntau lawm feem ntau siv cov kev rho tawm thiab ion sib pauv cov hau kev. Yog tias lawv tau siv nyob rau hauv khub nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm enricodymium neodymium, lawv feem ntau tuaj yeem siv tau ntau dua li ib qho khoom lag luam.
Cov Ntxheb Neodymium alloy(Tus Hlau Preasodymium neodymium hlau)Tau dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam ywj pheej, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua ob qho tib si ib qho khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab kev hloov kho hlau alloys. Qhov kev ua si, xaiv thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm roj av tawg tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tswv yim neodymium molecation sieve. Raws li yas kev hloov kho ntxiv, ntxiv cov tswv yim preodymium neodymium txhawb nqa rau Polytetrafloethylene (PTFE) tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kev coj tsis kam ntawm PTFE.
Tsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebCov hlau nplaum tas mus li yog cov teb nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv thov tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb hnub no. Cov khoom siv tswv yim prease tsis zoo raws li cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov, tab sis nws yog ib qho kev sib nqus tau zoo uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom sib nqus. Ntxiv cov nyiaj tsim nyog ntawm cov tswv yim muaj peev xwm txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom sib tw. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua yeeb yam antioxidant (huab cua corrosion tsis kam) thiab cov neeg kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau nplaum, thiab tau siv dav hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lub zog.
Tseem siv tau rau kev sib tsoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv polishing. Raws li peb txhua tus paub, cerium rib raws polishing hmoov feem ntau yog lub teeb xim oxide, uas yog qhov ua kom zoo nkauj liab uas muaj cov kev ua kom nruj thiab muaj zog rau cov chaw tsim khoom. Cov neeg tau pom tias preaseymium muaj cov khoom siv zoo. Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb hmoov nplej muaj cov preasemium yuav tshwm sim ua "xim liab tsis muaj xim liab, tab sis cov xim ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj zog ua darker. Cov khoom siv sib tsoo prease Piv nrog dawb alumina, ua hauj lwm zoo thiab siv nyiaj ruaj khov tuaj yeem raug txhim kho los ntawm ntau dua 30% thaum sib tsoo cov hlau qauv hlau, cov hlau loj, thiab muaj kev kub siab. Txhawm rau txo tus nqi, preaseymium neodymium enriched cov ntaub ntawv tau siv ua raw cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los, yog li lub npe preodymium neodarum sib tsoo log.
Silating muaju cub tov deped nrog preaseymium ions tau siv los ua kom qeeb lub teeb pulses mus rau ntau pua meters ib ob.
Ntxiv cov tswv yimmasmium silicate yuav tig qoj zoo thiab tuaj yeem siv ua cov xim ceramic - preaseymium daj. Praseodymium daj (ZR02-PR6LL-SI02) yog suav tias yog cov xim daj zoo tshaj plaws, uas tseem nyob ruaj khov rau li 1000 thiab tuaj yeem siv rau ib zaug lossis rov tsim cov txheej txheem.
Tseem siv cov xim xim, nrog cov xim nplua nuj thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo. Preasodymium ntsuab iav cov khoom lag luam nrog cov xim leek ntsuab thiab scallion ntsuab xim tuaj yeem tsim tawm, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj ntsuab ntsuab thiab tseem yog ua yeeb yam thiab khoom siv tes ua iav. Ntxiv cov twj tseem siv kua pleev thiab cerium oxide rau lub khob tuaj yeem siv ua goggles rau vuam. Cov txiv neej ua haujlwm tseem muaj peev xwm siv tau ua xim ntsuab ntsuab.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Lub Tsib Hlis-29-2023