Terbiumbelongs rau qeb ntawm hnyavTsawg lub ntiaj teb, nrog tsawg nplua mias nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust ntawm tsuas yog 1.1 ppm. Terbium oxide account rau tsawg dua 0.01% ntawm tag nrho cov av hauv qab. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub siab Tau 100 xyoo txij li kev tshawb pom ntawm Terbium xyoo 1843, nws qhov tsis txaus thiab tus nqi tau tiv thaiv nws cov ntaub ntawv siv tau ntev. Nws tsuas yog hauv 30 xyoo dhau los uas terbium tau qhia nws cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb.
Nrhiav keeb kwm
Swedish Chemist Carl Gustaf Mosirer nrhiav Terbium nyob rau hauv 1843. Nws pom nws cov impurities nyob rau hauvYttrium (III) oxidethiabY2O3Cov. Yttrium yog muaj npe tom qab lub zos ytterby nyob rau hauv Sweden. Ua ntej rov tshwm sim ntawm ion sib pauv thev naus laus zis, terbium tsis raug cais nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab.
Mos-as muab faib wttrium (iii) oxide mus rau hauv peb ntu, txhua lub npe tom qab ores: yttrium (III) oxide,Erbium (III) Oxide, thiab terbium oxide. Terbium oxide yog Ameslikas sib xyaw ntawm cov yeeb yaj duab, vim yog lub caij tam sim no hu ua erbium. "Erbium (III) Oxide" (suav nrog dab tsi tam sim no hu terbium) yog xub thawj qhov tseem muaj xim tseem ceeb hauv kev daws. Cov oxourle oxide ntawm cov khoom no suav tias yog xim av.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm tom qab no yuav nyuaj rau saib cov xim me me "erbium (III) oxide", tab sis soluble pink tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Kev sib cav txog lub neej ntawm erbium (III) Oxide tau tshwm sim ntau zaus. Hauv kev ntxhov siab, lub npe qub tau thim rov qab thiab kev sib pauv cov npe tau daig, yog li lub suab paj nruag tau hais raws li kev daws teeb meem uas muaj cov erbium (hauv kev daws teeb meem, nws yog xim liab). Tam sim no ntseeg tias cov neeg ua haujlwm uas siv sodium bisulfate lossis poov tshuaj sulfate nojCee cerium (IV) oxideTawm ntawm yttrium (III) oxide thiab tsis tsim nyog tig terbium tig mus rau hauv cov av uas muaj cerium. Tsuas yog li 1% ntawm thawj YTTRIUM (III) Oxide, tam sim no hu ua "terbium", yog txaus kom dhau xim daj rau yttrium (III) oxide. Yog li ntawd, terbium yog qhov sib xyaw ua ntej uas tau muaj nws, thiab nws tau tswj nws, thiab nws yog tswj hwm los ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ze tam sim ntawd, gadolinium thiab dysprosium.
Tom qab, thaum twg lwm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj sib cais tau sib cais los ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ntawm cov oxide, tsis hais txog ntawm cov oxide, tsis hais txog ntawm cov tshuaj pleev xim rau thaum kawg, cov xim av oxide hauv terbium tau txais hauv daim ntawv ntshiab. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav thaum xyoo 19th tsis siv ultraviolet fluoriolet fluorescence lossis ntsuab ciab
Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob
Electron Configuration:
1s2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 5S2 4D10 5P6 6S2 4F9
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob kev teeb tsa ntawm Terbium yog [XE] 6S24F9. Feem ntau, tsuas yog peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tshem tawm ua ntej tus nqi ntawm terbium ntxiv kom tau txais kev pab ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj zog ntxiv xws li cov tshuaj fluorine.
Terbium yog ib qho nyiaj dawb liab qab lub ntiaj teb hlau nrog ductility, kev tawv, thiab softness uas tuaj yeem txiav nrog rab riam. Melting point 1360 ℃, boiling point 3123 ℃, ntom 8229 4kg / m3. Piv nrog rau lub pasthan thaum ntxov, nws yog qhov ruaj khov nyob rau hauv huab cua. Raws li cuaj lub keeb ntawm Lanthhanide, Terbium yog hlau nrog muaj zog hluav taws xob. Nws reacts nrog dej los ua hydrogen.
Nyob rau hauv qhov, terbium yeej tsis tau pom tias yog ib qho kev pub dawb, ib qho me me ntawm uas muaj nyob hauv phosphocerium xuab zeb thiab gadolinite. Terbium coeekists nrog lwm lub ntiaj teb tsawg hauv Monazite xuab zeb, nrog feem ntau 0.03% Terbium cov ntsiab lus. Lwm qhov chaw yog Xenotime thiab dub tsis tshua kub thiab muaj ob leeg sib xyaw ntawm cov oxides thiab muaj txog li 1% terbium.
Daim ntawv thov
Daim ntawv thov ntawm feem ntau feem ntau yog cov liaj teb siab, uas yog cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis, nrog rau cov phiaj xwm kev lag luam tseem ceeb, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam loj.
Cov chaw thov tseem ceeb muaj:
(1) Siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib xyaw tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, nws yog siv los ua lub ntiaj teb tsawg dua cov chiv thiab pub ntxiv rau kev ua liaj ua teb.
(2) Activator rau cov hmoov ntsuab hauv peb lub hmoov fluorescent. Niaj hnub nim xaiv roj hmab tshiab xav tau kev siv peb cov xim phosphors, uas yog xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xim ntau. Thiab Terbium yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ntau cov hmoov ntsuab zoo gluorescent.
(3) siv los ua cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Amorphous Hlau Terbium Terition Hlau Hlau Cov Yeeb Yaj Kiab tau siv los tsim cov kev ua haujlwm siab magneto-kho qhov muag.
(4) Raug Magneto Optical Iav. Faraday kev hloov iav uas muaj terbium yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov rotators, cais tawm hauv cov tshuab laser.
(5) Txoj kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob ntawm dysprosium ferromagnets alloy (Terfenol) tau qhib cov ntawv thov tshiab rau TERBIUM.
Rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tsiaj cov txiv
Lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov qoob loo zoo thiab nce tus nqi ntawm photosynthesis nyob rau qee qhov kev xav tau. Terbium complexes muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo biological. Terbium nyob rau Terbium, TB (Ala) 3Benim (clo4) 3Benim (CLO4) 3KX 3SAs, muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob staphyncus, muaj cov kab mob soob, bacillus subtilis thiab eschericia coli. Lawv muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov complex no muab cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab rau cov qauv kev tshawb fawb tshiab rau cov tshuaj niaj hnub.
Siv nyob rau hauv thaj teb ntawm luminescence
Niaj hnub nim xaiv roj hmab tshiab xav tau kev siv peb cov xim phosphors, uas yog xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xim ntau. Thiab Terbium yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ntau cov hmoov ntsuab zoo gluorescent. Yog tias hnub yug ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj xim TV xim liab fluorescent hmoov tau txhawb qhov kev thov los ntawm lub ntiaj teb peb thawj lub ntsej muag ntsuab fluorescent hmoov rau lub teeb. Thaum xyoo 1980s, Philips Phem tau tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj zaug kev cog lus lub zog hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob fluorescent thiab sai sai. TB3 + ions tuaj yeem emit ntsuab lub teeb nrog lub wavelength ntawm 545nm, thiab yuav luag txhua lub ntiaj teb ntsuab phosphors siv terbium ua tus activator.
Lub green phosphor rau xim TV Cathode Cov Khoom Siv Posto TV, tab sis Terbines 5 +, Y3 (Al, GA) TB3 +. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm loj screen high-txhais TV (HDTV), HdTV), Haltv), cov hmoov ntsuab zoo rau lub ntsej muag tau tsim. Piv txwv li, ib qho hybrid ntsuab fluorescent hmoov tau tsim tawm txawv teb chaws, muaj ntawm Y3 (al, GA)
Cov tsoos X-Ering fluorescent hmoov yog calcium tungstate. Nyob rau xyoo 1970 thiab 1980s, tsis tshua muaj cua sov lub ntsej muag, thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntsuab Ntawm X-ray irradiation rau cov neeg mob los ntawm 80%, txhim kho kev daws teeb meem ntawm xoo hluav taws xob, txuas ntxiv rau kev siv hluav taws xob xoo hluav taws xob, thiab txo kev siv hluav taws xob. Terbium kuj tseem siv tau cov tshuaj tua kab kom zoo rau cov duab xoo hluav taws xob, thiab txo qhov kev sib tw ntawm X-Ray rau tib neeg lub cev (los ntawm ntau tshaj 50%).
Terbium tseem siv los ua cov activator hauv cov phosphor zoo txaus siab los ntawm lub teeb xiav rau cov teeb pom kev zoo. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim terbium txhuas hlaueto optical crystal phostion, thiab ua kom lub teeb fluorescence los sib xyaw ua kom zoo nkauj los tsim lub teeb dawb ntshiab.
Cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm Terbium tsuas yog suav zinc sinc sulfide ntsuab phosphor nrog terbium raws li tus activator. Nyob rau hauv ultraviolet iradiation, organic complex yuav emit muaj zog fluorescence thiab tuaj yeem siv ua zaj duab xis electrolumines. Txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tau ua tiav hauv kev kawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab, tseem muaj qee cov yeeb yaj kiab txuas ntxiv, tseem muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab txuas ntxiv rau cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov khoom siv yog tseem nyob hauv qhov tob.
Cov yam ntxwv fuorescence ntawm terbium kuj yog siv los ua kev sim fluorescence. Piv txwv, ntawmloxacin Terbium (TB3 +) fluorescence kev sib cuam tshuam nrog DNAtloxacin TB3 + DNA tuaj yeem txhim kho cov fluorescence ntawm Ofloxacin TB3 + System. Raws li qhov kev hloov pauv no, DNA tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.
Rau Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob Hlau
Cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov nyhuv faraday, tseem hu ua cov khoom siv magneto-kho qhov muag, tau siv dav hauv lasers thiab lwm yam kho tshiab kho qhov muag. Muaj ob hom ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshiab: Magneto kho qhov muag muaj thiab cov iav tshiab kho qhov muag. Ntawm lawv, Magneto-khou muaj kua (xws li ytt Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov qhob hlau-kho lub ntsej muag muaj kev sib hloov siab dhau los muaj cov kev nqus siab hauv lub luv luv, uas txwv lawv siv. Piv nrog magneto kho qhov muag, magneto kho qhov muag muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov kev hloov pauv siab thiab yooj yim kom ua rau hauv cov block loj lossis cov fibers. Tam sim no, Magneto-optical tsom iav nrog cov nyhuv muaj zog yog feem ntau tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb ion doped tsom iav.
Siv rau Magneto kho qhov muag cia khoom
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, nrog kev txhim kho sai ntawm multimedia thiab chaw ua hauj lwm automation, qhov kev thov kom muaj peev xwm tshiab muaj peev xwm loj. Amorphous Hlau Terbium Terbium Cov Duab Sib Tw Hlau tau siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam loj-kho qhov muag. Ntawm lawv, TBFECO alloy nyias nyias zaj duab xis muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Terbium raws li cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag tau tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom loj, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub tshuab nqus hluav taws xob, nrog rau kev siv lub peev xwm kom nce los ntawm 10-15 zaug. Lawv muaj qhov zoo ntawm muaj peev xwm loj thiab siv tau nrawm, thiab tuaj yeem so thiab co coated txhiab lub sij hawm thaum siv rau high-ceev kho qhov muag discs. Lawv yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cia tshuab. Feem ntau siv cov khoom siv hlau nplaum tshaj plaws hauv qhov pom thiab ze-cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv faraday zoo tshaj plaws thiab kho tsis tau zoo.
Rau Magneto Optical iav
Faraday magneto kho qhov muag iav muaj qhov zoo transparency thiab isotropy nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pom thiab infrared, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov duab nyuaj. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov khoom loj thiab tuaj yeem kos rau hauv cov khoom siv kho kom zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj dav thov cov kev cia siab ntawm Magneto kho qhov muag, Magneto Optical modulators, thiab fiber ntau optic tam sim no sensors tam sim no. Vim nws lub zog sib nqus loj thiab lub zog nqus me me thiab cov kev nqus me me hauv qhov pom thiab infrared ntau, tb3
Terbium dysprosium ferromagnetostrictive alloy
Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, nrog kev sib tw hauv ntiaj teb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig tau tshwm sim sai. Xyoo 1984, IOUA State State of United States, Ames Kev Kuaj Xyuas Tebchaws Asmeskas Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob (et Rema Deverials Cov khoom tshiab no tshiab muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob sai sai rau hauv lub zog tshuab. Cov khoom siv roj ntsha hauv qab thiab electro-acoustic ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nplaum no, suab nrov thiab kev ntsuam xyuas dej hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv. Yog li ntawd, sai li sai tau terbium dysprosium hlau giant magnetostrictive cov khoom tau yug los, nws tau txais kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb thoob ntiaj teb. Ntug cov thev naus laus zis hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau pib ua lag luam Terbium pib tsim cov ntaub ntawv hauv xyoo 1989 thiab tebchaws Askiv, Tebchaws Asmeskas Giant Terbosium Giant cov ntaub ntawv magnetostive.
Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom siv no hauv Tebchaws Meskas, ob qho kev tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom siv thiab nws cov ntawv thov Monopolicist yog cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam tub rog (xws li rog). Txawm hais tias Tuam Tshoj cov tub rog thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv tub rog yog maj ntxiv dag zog rau lawv cov khoom siv no. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab Tuam Tshoj cov kev nce hauv tebchaws tau nce, qhov xav tau rau kev paub txog cov tub rog sib tw ua haujlwm yuav muaj peev xwm ceev heev. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntawm terbium dysprosium hlau giant magnetostive cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ua tub rog thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws yuav yog cov keeb kwm.
Hauv ntej, ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm terbium ua nws tsis tseem ceeb ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib txoj hauj lwm irreplaceable hauv qee cov ntawv thov. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tus nqi siab ntawm Terbium, cov neeg tau kawm yuav ua li cas kom zam thiab txo qis kev siv terbium nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo tus nqi tsim khoom. Piv txwv li, tsis tshua muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv tsawg dysprosium cobalt lossis gadolinium terbium cobalt kom ntau li ntau tau; Sim txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm Terbium hauv cov hmoov ntsuab fluorescent uas yuav tsum tau siv. Nqe tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb txwv kev txwv kev siv thoob plaws terbium. Tab sis ntau cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis muaj nws, yog li peb yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntawm "Siv cov hlau zoo ntawm cov hniav" thiab sim txuag kev siv Terbium ntau li ntau tau.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Jul-05-2023