Terbiumbelongs rau qeb ntawm hnyav tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb, muaj ntau nplua mias nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust ntawm tsuas yog 1.1 ppm.Terbium oxideCov nyiaj tsawg dua 0.01% ntawm tag nrho cov av hauv qab. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub siabTsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb, qhia tias nws yog rau lub "noble" ntawmTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebHais. Tau 100 xyoo txij li kev tshawb pom ntawm Terbium xyoo 1843, nws qhov tsis txaus thiab tus nqi tau tiv thaiv nws cov ntaub ntawv siv tau ntev. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 30 xyoo dhau losterbiumtau qhia nws cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb.
Nrhiav keeb kwm
Swedish Chemist Carl Gustaf Mosirer nrhiav Terbium nyob rau hauv 1843. Nws pom nws impurities nyob rau hauvyttrium oxidethiabY2O3. Yttriummuaj npe tom qab lub zos umbly nyob rau hauv Sweden. Ua ntej rov tshwm sim ntawm ion sib pauv thev naus laus zis, terbium tsis raug cais nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab.
Mossander ua ntej muab faibyttrium oxideua peb ntu, txhua lub npe tom qab ores:yttrium oxide, Erbium oxide, thiabterbium oxide. Terbium oxideyog Ameslikas sib xyaw ntawm cov duab liab, vim yog lub caij tam sim no hu uahoob laug. Erbium oxide(suav nrog dab tsi peb tam sim no hu terbium) yog xub txwv ib qho tsis muaj kob hauv kev daws teeb meem. Cov oxourle oxide ntawm cov khoom no suav tias yog xim av.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm tom qab pom tias nws nyuaj rau kev saib xyuas me me tsis muaj kob "Erbium oxide", Tab sis lub soluble pen ib feem yuav tsis quav ntsej. Kev sib cav sib cav ntawm lub hav zoov ntawmErbium oxidetau rov tshwm sim dua. Hauv kev ntxhov siab, lub npe qub tau thim rov qab thiab kev sib pauv cov npe tau daig, yog li lub suab paj nruag tau hais raws li kev daws teeb meem uas muaj cov erbium (hauv kev daws teeb meem, nws yog xim liab). Nws yog tam sim no ntseeg tias cov neeg ua haujlwm uas siv sodium disulfide lossis poov tshuaj sulfate kom tshem cerium dioxide los ntawmyttrium oxideyam tsis muaj peev xwm tigterbiumrau hauv cerium muaj precipitates. Tam sim no hu ua 'terbium', tsuas yog hais txog 1% ntawm tus thawjyttrium oxideyog tam sim no, tab sis qhov no txaus rau kis lub teeb daj xim rauyttrium oxideCov. Yog li ntawd,terbiumyog ib qho kev sib nrug sib txawv uas tau muaj nws, thiab nws raug tswj hwm los ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ze tam sim ntawd,gadoliniumthiabdysprosium.
Tom qab, thaum twg lwm tusTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebCov ntsiab lus tau sib cais los ntawm cov sib tov no, tsis hais txog kev sib faib ntawm cov oxide, lub npe ntawm Terbium tau khaws cia kom txog thaum kawg, xim av oxideterbiumtau nyob hauv daim ntawv ntshiab. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav thaum xyoo 19th tsis siv ultraviolet fluoriolet fluorescence lossis ntsuab ciab
Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob
Cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob:
1s2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 5S2 4D10 5P6 6S2 4F9
Kev siv hluav taws xob ntawmterbiumyog [XE] 6S24F9. Feem ntau, tsuas yog peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tshem tawm ua ntej lub peev txheej nuclear ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawmterbium, lub semi sauterbiumTso cai rau kev tso tawm ntxiv ntawm plaub hauv hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub zog oxidant xws li roj fluorine.
Hlau
TerbiumYog ib qho nyiaj dawb liab qab lub ntiaj teb hlau nrog ductility, kev tawv, thiab softness uas tuaj yeem txiav nrog rab riam. Melting point 1360 ℃, boiling point 3123 ℃, ntom 8229 4kg / m3. Piv nrog thaum ntxov lub pasthanide ntsiab, nws yog qhov ruaj khov nyob rau hauv huab cua. Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lanthhanide cov ntsiab lus, Terbium, yog cov neeg them nyiaj ntau uas cuam tshuam nrog dej los ua kom cov roj hydrogen roj.
Nyob rau hauv xwm,terbiumyeej tsis tau pom tias yog ib qho kev pub dawb, tam sim no nyob rau hauv phosphorvor cerium thide thiab silicon berylium yttrium ore.TerbiumCoeekists nrog lwm lub ntiaj teb tsawg hauv Monazite xuab zeb, nrog feem ntau 0.03% Terbium cov ntsiab lus. Lwm qhov chaw muaj xws li yttrium phosphate thiab tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb kub, ob leeg yog tov ntawm oxides uas muaj txog li 1% terbium.
Daim ntawv thov
Daim ntawv thov ntawmterbiumFeem ntau feem ntau yog cov qauv siab thev naus laus zis, uas yog cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis thiab cov phiaj xwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam loj.
Cov chaw thov tseem ceeb muaj:
(1) Siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib xyaw tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, nws yog siv los ua lub ntiaj teb tsawg dua cov chiv thiab pub ntxiv rau kev ua liaj ua teb.
(2) Activator rau cov hmoov ntsuab hauv peb lub hmoov fluorescent. Niaj hnub nim xaiv roj hmab tshiab xav tau kev siv peb cov xim phosphors, uas yog xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xim ntau. Thiabterbiumyog qhov tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ntau cov hmoov ntsuab zoo gluorescent.
(3) siv los ua cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Amorphous Hlau Terbium Tawb Hlau Alloy Cov Yeeb Yaj Kiab tau siv los tsim cov khoom ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag.
(4) Raug Magneto Optical Iav. Faraday kev hloov iav uas muaj terbium yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov rotators, cais tawm hauv cov tshuab laser.
(5) Txoj kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob ntawm dysprosium ferromagnets alloy (Terfenol) tau qhib cov ntawv thov tshiab rau TERBIUM.
Rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tsiaj cov txiv
Tsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebterbiumtuaj yeem txhim kho cov qoob loo zoo thiab nce tus nqi ntawm photosynthesis nyob rau qee qhov kev xav tau ntau yam. Cov complexes ntawm terbium muaj cov kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab cov ternary complexes ntawmterbium, TB (Ala) 3Benim (Clo4) 3-3H2o, muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob staphyncus, thiab Eschericia Coli, nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov complex no muab cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab rau cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab rau cov tshuaj niaj hnub.
Siv nyob rau hauv thaj teb ntawm luminescence
Niaj hnub nim xaiv roj hmab tshiab xav tau kev siv peb cov xim phosphors, uas yog xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xim ntau. Thiab Terbium yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ntau cov hmoov ntsuab zoo gluorescent. Yog tias lub hnub yug ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj xim TV TV Red Redorescent Hmoov tau txhawb qhov kev thov rauyttriumthiabhuab cua, tom qab ntawd daim ntawv thov thiab kev loj hlob ntawm terbium tau nce los ntawm ntau lub ntiaj teb tsawg peb thawj xim ntsuab fluorescent hmoov rau lub teeb. Thaum xyoo 1980s, Philips Phem tau tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj zaug kev cog lus lub zog hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob fluorescent thiab sai sai. TB3 + ions tuaj yeem emit ntsuab lub teeb nrog lub wavelength ntawm 545nm, thiab yuav luag txhua tus neeg tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsigterbium, raws li tus activator.
Cov hmoov ntsuab ntsuab fluorescent siv rau xim TV cathoy tau tsuas yog siv los ua y2sio5: TB3 +, Y3 (AL, GA) 5O12: TB3 +, thiab Laobr: TB3 +. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm loj screen high-txhais TV (HDTV), HdTV), Haltv), cov hmoov ntsuab zoo rau lub ntsej muag tau tsim. Piv txwv li, ib qho hybrid ntsuab fluorescent hmoov tau tsim tawm txawv teb chaws, muaj ntawm Y3 (al, GA)
Cov tsoos X-Ering fluorescent hmoov yog calcium tungstate. Nyob rau xyoo 1970 thiab 1980s, tsis tshua muaj hmoov rau lub ntsej muag rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus fluiticent tau tsim, xws literbium, ua kom muaj lanthhanum sulfide oxide, terbium ua kom muaj cov ntxaij vab tshaus Piv nrog calcium tungstate, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb fluorescent hmoov tuaj yeem txo cov duab xoo hluav taws xob, txuas ntxiv txuag cov neeg siv xoo hluav taws xob, thiab txo kev siv hluav taws xob. Terbium tseem siv ua cov tshuaj tua kab kom zoo rau cov duab xoo hluav taws xob, txhim kho qhov pom tseeb ntawm xoo hluav taws xob ntawm x- Rays rau tib neeg lub cev (los ntawm ntau tshaj 50%).
TerbiumKuj tseem siv los ua cov activator hauv cov phosphor tus coj zoo siab heev los ntawm lub teeb xiav rau cov teeb pom kev zoo. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim terbium txhuas hlaueto optical crystal phostion, thiab gluor fluorescence phostres, thiab cov gluored fluorescence los ua qhov kev zoo siab los tsim lub teeb dawb ntshiab
Cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm terbium tsuas yog suav nrog zinc sulfide ntsuab fluorescent hmoov nrogterbiumraws li tus activator. Nyob rau hauv ultraviolet iradiation, organic complex yuav emit muaj zog fluorescence thiab tuaj yeem siv ua zaj duab xis electrolumines. Txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tau ua tiav hauv kev kawm ntawmTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebOrganic complex electroluminescent pan cov yeeb yaj kiab, tseem muaj ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov organic pob hluav taws xob cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov khoom siv tseem nyob hauv qhov tob.
Cov yam ntxwv fuorescence ntawm terbium kuj yog siv los ua kev sim fluorescence. Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm OFLoxACIN Terbium (TB3 +) complex thiab deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tau kawm txog kev ua fluorescence poov muag (DNA) Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias Atloxacin TB3 + kev sojntsuam tau ua ib qho zawj khi nrog DNA cov fluorescatic acid tuaj yeem txhim kho lub fluorescence ntawm Ofloxacin TB3 + System. Raws li qhov kev hloov no, deoxyribonucleic acid tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.
Rau Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob Hlau
Cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov nyhuv faraday, tseem hu ua cov khoom siv magneto-kho qhov muag, tau siv dav hauv lasers thiab lwm yam kho tshiab kho qhov muag. Muaj ob hom ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshiab: Magneto kho qhov muag muaj thiab cov iav tshiab kho qhov muag. Ntawm lawv, Magneto-khou muaj kua (xws li ytt Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov qhob hlau-kho lub ntsej muag muaj cov ces kaum kev sib hloov siab muaj qhov kev nqus tau zoo hauv lub luv luv, uas txwv lawv siv. Piv nrog magneto kho qhov muag, magneto kho qhov muag muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov kev hloov pauv siab thiab yooj yim kom ua rau hauv cov block loj lossis cov fibers. Tam sim no, Magneto-optical tsom iav nrog cov nyhuv muaj zog yog feem ntau tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb ion doped tsom iav.
Siv rau Magneto kho qhov muag cia khoom
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, nrog kev txhim kho sai ntawm multimedia thiab chaw ua hauj lwm automation, qhov kev thov kom muaj peev xwm tshiab muaj peev xwm loj. Amorphous Hlau Terbium Tawb Hlau Alloy Cov Yeeb Yaj Kiab tau siv los tsim cov khoom ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Ntawm lawv, TBFECO alloy nyias nyias zaj duab xis muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Terbium raws li cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag tau tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom loj, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub tshuab nqus hluav taws xob, nrog rau kev siv lub peev xwm kom nce los ntawm 10-15 zaug. Lawv muaj qhov zoo ntawm muaj peev xwm loj thiab siv tau nrawm, thiab tuaj yeem so thiab co coated txhiab lub sij hawm thaum siv rau high-ceev kho qhov muag discs. Lawv yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cia tshuab. Feem ntau siv cov khoom siv hlau nplaum tshaj plaws hauv qhov pom thiab ze-cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv faraday zoo tshaj plaws thiab kho tsis tau zoo.
Rau Magneto Optical iav
Faraday magneto kho qhov muag iav muaj qhov zoo transparency thiab isotropy nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pom thiab infrared, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov duab nyuaj. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov khoom loj thiab tuaj yeem kos rau hauv cov khoom siv kho kom zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj dav thov cov kev cia siab ntawm Magneto kho qhov muag, Magneto Optical modulators, thiab fiber ntau optic tam sim no sensors tam sim no. Vim nws lub zog sib nqus loj thiab lub zog nqus me me thiab cov kev nqus me me hauv qhov pom thiab infrared ntau, tb3
Terbium dysprosium ferromagnetostrictive alloy
Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, nrog kev nce qib 20 txuas ntxiv, cov khoom siv hauv av tshiab tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig sai sai. Xyoo 1984, Iowa State University, Ames LAG LUAM NTAWM US DEPARTY RUAJ VAJ HUAM SIB LUAG LAWM LOS UA NTEJ Lub ntiaj teb ntse tau hais tias cov khoom siv ntse, uas yog Terbium dysprosium ferromagnetic magnetostrictive cov khoom siv. Cov khoom lag luam ntse tshiab no muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob sai sai. Cov khoom siv roj ntsha hauv qab thiab electro-acoustic ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nplaum no, suab nrov thiab kev ntsuam xyuas dej hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv. Yog li ntawd, sai li sai tau terbium dysprosium hlau giant magnetostrictive cov khoom tau yug los, nws tau txais kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb thoob ntiaj teb. Ntug cov thev naus laus zis hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau pib ua lag luam Terbium pib tsim cov ntaub ntawv hauv xyoo 1989 thiab tebchaws Askiv, Tebchaws Asmeskas Giant Terbosium Giant cov ntaub ntawv magnetostive.
Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom siv no hauv Tebchaws Meskas, ob qho kev tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom siv thiab nws cov ntawv thov Monopolicist yog cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam tub rog (xws li rog). Txawm hais tias Tuam Tshoj cov tub rog thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv tub rog yog maj ntxiv dag zog rau lawv cov khoom siv no. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov kev ua tiav ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st ua tau zoo heev. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntawm terbium dysprosium hlau giant magnetostive cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ua tub rog thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws yuav yog cov keeb kwm.
Hauv ntej, cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawmterbiumUa rau nws tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib txoj haujlwm methupgravle hauv qee cov ntawv thov. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tus nqi siab ntawm Terbium, cov neeg tau kawm yuav ua li cas kom zam thiab txo qis kev siv terbium nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo tus nqi tsim khoom. Piv txwv li, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv kho qhov muag yuav tsum siv cov nqi qisdysprosium hlaucobalt lossis gadolinium terbium cobalt kom ntau li ntau tau; Sim txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm Terbium hauv cov hmoov ntsuab fluorescent uas yuav tsum tau siv. Nqe tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb txwv kev txwv kev siv dav dav ntawmterbiumCov. Tab sis ntau cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis muaj nws, yog li peb yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntawm "Siv cov hlau zoo ntawm cov hniav" thiab sim txuag kev sivterbiumkom ntau li ntau tau.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Oct-25-2023