Ytterbium: Atomic tus lej 70, atomic yuag 173.04, lub npe keeb kwm tau muab los ntawm nws qhov chaw nrhiav pom. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ytterbium nyob rau hauv lub crust yog 0.000266%, feem ntau tam sim no hauv phosphorite thiab dub tsis tshua muaj nyiaj kub. Cov ntsiab lus hauv Monazite yog 0.03%, thiab muaj 7 lub isotopes
Nrhiav tau
Los ntawm: Marinak
Sijhawm: 1878
Qhov chaw: Switzerland
Xyoo 1878, Swiss Chemists Jean Charles thiab G Marignac nrhiav tau ib qho kev tawm hauv ntiaj teb uas tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv "erbium". Xyoo 1907, Ulban thiab Weils qhia tawm tias Marignac sib cais ua ke ntawm lutetium oxide thiab ytterbium oxide. Hauv kev nco ntawm lub zos me me hu ua yteerby ze Stockholm, qhov twg yttrium ore tau pom, qhov tshiab keeb kwm tau muaj npe ytterbium nrog lub cim yB.
Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob
Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob
1s2 2S2 2P6 3s2 3p6 4S2 3P6 4S2 4D10 5P6 6S2 4F14
Hlau
Nws yog xim hlau ytterbium yog nyiaj grey, ductile, thiab muaj cov ntawv nyeem muag muag. Ntawm chav tsev kub, ytterbium tuaj yeem yog maj mam oxidized los ntawm huab cua thiab dej.
Muaj ob lub tshuab ua kom muaj cov qauv siv lead ua β- Hom yog lub cev nruab nrab ntawm lub cev (saum toj 798 ℃) lattice. Melting point 824 ℃, npau ntsuam boiling 1427 ℃, txheeb ze ntom 6.977 (6.- hom).
Insoluble hauv dej txias, soluble hauv acids thiab kua ammonia. Nws yog qhov ruaj khov nyob saum huab cua. Zoo ib yam li cov Samarium thiab Europium, ytterbium belongs rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws valence tsawg lub ntiaj teb, thiab tseem nyob rau lub xeev zoo ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntau zaus.
Vim tias qhov kev sib txawv no cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, kev npaj ntawm yog xim hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob nqa tawm los ntawm electrolysis, tab sis los ntawm kev daws cov txheej txheem distillation rau kev npaj thiab ua kom huv. Feem ntau, cov hlau siv los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev txo qis rau cov neeg npau suav kom txo qis, siv cov hlau siab ntawm cov hlau siab thiab cov hlau tsis muaj zog. Hloov pauv,Thulium, ytterbium, thiablitetiumconcentrates tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom nyoos, thiabHlau Lanthhanumtuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo. Nyob rau hauv cov kev kub ntxhov siab ntawm> 1100 ℃ thiab <0.13pa, hlau ytterbium tuaj yeem raug rho tawm ncaj qha los ntawm kev daws cov distillation. Zoo li Samarium thiab Europium, ytterbium tseem tuaj yeem sib cais thiab ua kom huv los ntawm kev ntub dej. Feem ntau, thulium, ytterbium, thiab LuteTium concentrates yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv raw. Tom qab ua tiav, ytterbium yog txo kom muaj lub xeev sib txawv, ua rau muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd sib cais los ntawm lwm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj neeg coob. Kev tsim cov high-purityytterbium oxidefeem ntau nqa tawm los ntawm kev rho tawm cov qauv chromatographyogromaphy lossis ion sib pauv.
Daim ntawv thov
Siv rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb. Ytterbium alloys tau thov cov tshuaj kho hniav rau metallurgical thiab kev sim tshuaj.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, ytterbium tau tawm mus thiab tsim kho sai sai hauv kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau thiab laser.
Nrog kev tsim kho thiab kev loj hlob ntawm "cov ntaub ntawv kev loj", lub khoos phis tawj siv rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau siv hauv kev sib txuas lus. Ytterbium ions, vim lawv cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws, tuaj yeem siv tau cov khoom siv fiber ntau ua kom sib txuas lus, ib yam li erbium thiab thulium. Txawm hais tias tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb lub ntiaj teb tau txais cov neeg ua si tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj ntawm fiberzing quartz (30nm), ua rau nws nyuaj tshaj plaws uas muaj kev kis tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm. YB3 + ions muaj ntau dua kev nqus cov khaub lig ntau dua li ER3 + ions ib ncig ntawm 980nm. Los ntawm cov nyhuv sensitization ntawm YB3 + thiab lub zog hloov ntawm Erbium thiab ytterbium, yog li muaj kev txhim kho zoo heev ntawm lub teeb.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, erbium ytterbium co doped phosphate iav tau nce qib los ntawm cov kws tshawb nrhiav. Phosphate thiab fluorophosphate tsom iav muaj cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dav dav rau kev hloov chaw thiab muaj kev sib txuas lus dav dav rau kev tawm dav dav thiab muaj kev sib txawv erbed-doped fiber iav. YB3 + doped fiber ntau amplifiIcification tuaj yeem ua tiav cov hluav taws xob ua kom sov, ua rau lawv muaj fiber ntau cov duab ntsej muag, thiab ultra luv pulse docification. Tuam Tshoj tau tam sim no tsim lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov channel ntau tshaj plaws thiab nrawm nrawm nrawm hloov kho cov kab ke, thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv kev loj hauv ntiaj teb. Ytterbium doped thiab lwm yam tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb doped fiber ntau tshaj plaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv laser ua si ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb hauv lawv.
Cov yam ntxwv rau ytterbium kuj tseem siv raws li cov ntaub ntawv laser zoo, ob qho tib si li cov iav laser, laser tsom iav, thiab lasers fiber ntau. Raws li lub high-fais fab roj av, ytterbium doped laser custer tau tsim cov koob hmoov loj, , ytterbium doped strontium fluorophosphate (YB: S-Faped YTTRium Vanadate (YB: YTTERBIUM DOped borate, thiab silicate. Lemiconductor laser (LD) yog hom tshiab ntawm cov twj tso kua mis li rau cov nyom-lub xeev lasers. YB: YAG muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv haum rau high-zog ld twj tso kua mis thiab tau dhau los ua laser cov khoom rau high-zog ld twj tso kua mis. YB: S-Fap Crystal yuav raug siv los ua laser cov khoom rau laser nuclear fusion nyob rau yav tom ntej, uas tau nyiam cov neeg lub siab. Nyob rau hauv tiaj lub laser muaju, muaj chromium ytterbium httrium aluminium gallium txhuas, ho: Raws li kev txheeb cais, feem ntau ntawm infrared ua tsov ua tsov ua tsov ua tsov ua tsov ua tsov rog siv nyob rau hauv tus tub rog hauv ntiaj teb no, thiab muaj cov tub rog tseem ceeb. Tuam Tshoj tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig kev hloov tshiab nrog cov thev naus laus zis ua kom muaj kev loj hlob ntxiv xws li kev loj hlob yooj yim thiab laser sai, mem tes, Nruam, thiab kho tau cov zis. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau siv rau hauv kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws, thiab ytterbium doped crystal crystal cov khoom tau raug xa tawm mus rau ntau lub tebchaws thiab cov cheeb tsam xws li Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Nyij Pooj.
Lwm qeb loj ntawm ytterbium cov ntaub ntawv laser yog laser iav. Ntau emission Cross-seem Laser tsom iav tau tsim, suav nrog German qhia, sivaton niobate, borate, thiab phosphate. Vim tias qhov yooj yim ntawm iav moulding, nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv loj thiab muaj cov kev hloov pauv loj thiab muaj kev sib txuas lus siab, ua kom muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog roj. Tus paub rare ntiaj teb laser iav siv los ua kom muaj neodymium iav, uas muaj keeb kwm kev tsim kho ntawm ntau dua 40 xyoo thiab paub tab thiab kev siv tshuab. Nws ib txwm yog cov khoom siv uas nyiam tshaj plaws rau high-fais taub laser laser li cov khoom siv nuclear fusion sim thiab laser riam phom. Lub High-fais fab laser li ua nyob rau hauv Suav teb, muaj ntawm laser neodymium iav raws li lub ntsiab laser nruab nrab, tau mus txog lub ntiaj teb qib siab. Tab sis Laser neodymium iav tam sim no ntsib txoj kev sib tw muaj zog los ntawm Laser ytterbium iav.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, ntau tus naj npawb ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias ntau yam hluav taws xob ntawm Laser Ytterbium iav tshaj li ntawm neodymium iav. Vim yog qhov tseeb hais tias ytterbium doped luminescence tsuas muaj ob qib hluav taws xob, lub zog khaws cia yog qhov siab. Ntawm qhov nce tib yam, ytterbium iav muaj lub zog cia ua haujlwm 16 lub sij hawm siab dua li neodymium iav, thiab fluorescence lub neej 3 zaug uas ntawm neodymium iav. Nws tseem muaj qhov zoo xws li doping siab, nqus bandwidth, thiab tuaj yeem haum rau cov nyom highers highers highers highers. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv thov ntawm ytterbium laser iav feem ntau tso siab rau kev pab ntawm neodymium, xws li siv ND3 + raws li lub siab pensitizer kom ua tiav ntawm m yoj. Yog li, ytterbium thiab neodymium yog ob qho tib si sib tw thiab cov koom tes sib koom tes hauv thaj teb ntawm lub laser iav.
Los ntawm kho cov iav muaj pes tsawg leeg, muaj ntau cov khoom siv luminis ntawm ytterbium laser iav laser laser tau txhim kho. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm high-zog lasers raws li lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tshawb fawb, thiab kev siv tub rog thiab tub rog.
Kev siv tub rog: Siv lub zog tsim los ntawm nuclear fusion li lub zog ib txwm yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb, thiab ua tiav txoj kev txhais tau tias rau kev daws teeb meem hluav taws xob. Ytterbium doped laser iav yog ua cov khoom siv uas nyiam tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav inertial concential (ICF) hloov kho tshiab nyob rau tiam 21 no vim nws txoj kev kawm laser zoo heev.
Laser riam phom siv lub zog loj ntawm cov nqaj laser los tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem cov chaw kub me me ntawm Celsius thiab ncaj qha ntawm kev ceev ntawm lub teeb. Lawv tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau NADANA thiab muaj qhov zoo heev, tshwj xeeb yog tsim nyog rau cov pa tiv thaiv riam phom hauv kev ua tsov ua rog. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm ytterbium doped laser iav tau ua nws cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov High-zog thiab kev ua haujlwm siab laser riam phom.
Fiber ntau laser yog kev tsim kho cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab kuj yog thaj teb ntawm Laser iav daim ntawv thov. Fiber laser yog ib qho laser uas siv cov fiber uas siv cov fiber uas yog cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm laser, uas yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm fiber thiab laser thev naus laus zis. Nws yog ib qho tshiab laser thev naus laus zis tsim los ntawm erbium doped fiber ntau dua (edfa) thev naus laus zis. Cov fiber ntau laser muaj cov semiconductor laser laser laser laser laser, cov tshuaj fiber ntau, cov khoom siv kho tsis zoo xws li grating fibers thiab couplers. Nws tsis xav tau kev kho tshuab ntawm txoj kev kho kho kom zoo, thiab cov mechanism yog kev cog lus thiab yooj yim sib xyaw. Piv nrog tsoos tsho-lub xeev cov lasers thiab semiconductor lasers, muaj kev ua tau zoo rau kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig, tsis muaj kev kho kom haum, thiab qauv kev sib sau ua ke. Vim tias qhov tseeb hais tias doped ions feem ntau nd + 3, __ + uas siv tsawg tsawg lub ntiaj teb fibers raws li tau txais xov xwm, cov lag luam fiber ntau ntxiv raug hu ua lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj fiber ntau laser.
Laser Daim Ntawv Thov: Cov High High zog Ytterbium Doped Ob Chav Fiber Laser tau dhau los ua cov lag luam kub hauv kev ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov nqaj zoo zoo, kev txhim kho kev sib cav, thiab muaj peev xwm hloov dua siab tshiab, thiab muaj cov ntawv thov kev cia siab hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab lwm thaj chaw. Ob chav Clad Ytterbium doped fibers yog haum rau semiconductor Laser Efficievy thiab High Laser Volticial ntawm Ytterbium doped fibers. Tuam Tshoj ob chav clad ytbium doped fiber ntau yog tsis muaj nyob rau ntawm theem siab ntawm qib siab ntawm txawv teb chaws. Cov tshuaj ytterbium doped, ob chav clad ytbium doped fiber ntau doped cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus pom zoo sib xws hauv Suav teb rau ntau yam khoom thiab cov hau kev Cov.
Lub tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm tias lawv cov sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev tshaj ntawm 1070nM-1080nm, thiab cov zis muaj zog ntawm txog 20kW. Nws tau raug thov rau hauv kev vuam zoo, txiav, thiab pob zeb drilling.
Cov ntaub ntawv laser yog cov tseem ceeb thiab lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho cov tshuab laser. Muaj ib txwm tau hais nyob hauv kev lag luam laser uas 'ib tiam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ib tiam neeg'. Txhawm rau txhim kho qib siab thiab cov tswv yim laser ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua ntej cov ntaub ntawv laser ntawm cov cuab yeej ua ke thiab ua ke lwm yam thev naus laus zis. Ytterbium doped laser muaju thiab lub zog siv laser, tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib txuas lus laser, yog kev txhawb nqa-ntug kev sib cav sib ceg Pobzeb lasers, thiab high-zog phom rasers.
Ib qho ntxiv, ytterbium tseem siv tau fluorescent hmoov activator, xov tooj cua ceramics, cov pa roj hmab (sib nqus pos), thiab kho qhov muag iav ntxiv. Nws yuav tsum tau taw qhia tias YTTRIUM thiab YTTRIUM yog ob qho tib si tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov npe Askiv thiab cov cim ntsiab lus, tus niam ntawv xov tooj ntawm Suav muaj tib lub suab lus. Hauv qee cov lus txhais lus Suav, cov yttrium qee zaum yuam kev tau tias yog yttrium. Hauv qhov no, peb yuav tsum tau lw cov ntawv qub thiab muab cov cim qhia cim rau kev paub meej.
Lub sij hawm Post: Aug-30-2023