Skhaub noom, nrog lub cim cim sc thiab atomic tus naj npawb ntawm 21, yog yooj yim soluble hauv dej, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog dej kub, thiab yooj yim tsaus rau saum huab cua. Nws qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog + 3. Nws yog feem ntau tov nrog gadolinium, erbium, thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus, nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kwv yees li 0.0005% nyob rau hauv crust. Scandium feem ntau siv los ua cov iav tshwj xeeb thiab hnav kev kub siab-kub alloys.
Tam sim no, cov pov thawj muaj peev xwm ntawm scandium hauv lub ntiaj teb tsuas yog 2 lab tons, 90 ~ 95% ntawm uranium, thorium, tungsten thiab tsis tshua muaj hnub nyoog ees, feem ntau Faib hauv Lavxias, Suav, Tajikistan, Madagascar, Norway thiab lwm lub tebchaws. Tuam Tshoj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv scandium cov khoom siv, nrog cov ntxhia nplua nuj loj tshwj xeeb txog scandium. Raws li cov txheeb cais tsis tiav, cov peev txheej ntawm cov chaw tso nyiaj hauv Bauxite, uas muaj nyob hauv South Suav teb, Bayan obo tsawg lub ntiaj teb hlau Ore tso rau hauv Sab hauv Tebchaws Mongolia, thiab Panzhihua Vanadium Titanium Magnetite tso nyiaj hauv Sichuan.
Vim yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm scandium, tus nqi ntawm scandium kuj tseem muaj ntau, thiab ntawm nws lub ncov, tus nqi ntawm scandium tau cuam tshuam rau 10 zaug tus nqi ntawm kub. Txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm scandium tau poob, nws tseem muaj plaub zaug tus nqi kub!
Nrhiav keeb kwm
Xyoo 1869, mendeleeev pom qhov sib txawv hauv cov calcium ntau ntawm calcium (40) thiab kwv yees hais tias muaj kuj muaj ib qho tsis muaj ib qho tseem ceeb hauv nruab nrab atommediate matic masster ntawm no. Nws kwv yees tias nws oxide yog x ₂ o Å. Scandium tau pom xyoo 1879 los ntawm Lars Frederik Nilson ntawm Uppsala University hauv Sweden. Nws muab rho tawm nws los ntawm Dub tsis tshua muaj kub, ib qho kev ua si nyuaj uas muaj 8 hom hlau oxides. Nws tau muab rho tawmErbium (III) Oxidelos ntawm dub tsis tshua muaj kub ore, thiab tauYtterbium (III) OxideLos ntawm cov oxide no, thiab muaj lwm qhov oxide ntawm lub teeb ci, uas nws lub spectrum qhia tau tias nws yog cov hlau tsis paub. Qhov no yog cov hlau twv tau los ntawm Mendeleev, uas nws oxideSc₂o₃Cov. Lub scandium hlau nws tus kheej tau tsim los ntawmScandium chloridelos ntawm electrolytic melting hauv 1937.
Tus txhais lus
Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob
Electron Configuration: 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D1
Scandium yog qhov muag muag, nyiaj dawb hloov cov hlau nrog txoj kev sib tw melting ntawm 1541 ℃ thiab lub qhov cub npau npau ntawm 2831 ℃.
Rau lub sijhawm txiav txim siab ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab nws tshawb pom, kev siv tshuaj scandium tsis tau ua qauv vim nws qhov nyuaj hauv kev tsim khoom. Nrog rau kev nce qib zuj zus ntawm kev sib cais hauv ntiaj teb uas tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb, muaj tam sim no cov txheej txheem txaus rau kev ua kom huv si scandium tebchaw. Vim tias Scandium tsis muaj alkaline tsawg dua yttrium thiab cov lus tsis muaj zog ntawm cov pob zeb tsis tshua muaj zog los ntawm cov av tsis muaj zog tau pauv mus rau hauv kev daws teeb meem. Lwm txoj kev yog cais scandium nitrate los ntawm ncej polar los ntawm nitrate. Vim tias scandium nitrate yog qhov yooj yim rau kev lwj siab, scandium tuaj yeem sib cais. Ib qho ntxiv, cov rov qab zoo dua ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam scandany los ntawm Uranium, thorium, tungsten, tin thiab lwm yam ntxhia tso nyiaj tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm scandium.
Tom qab tau txais cov tshuaj tsw qab huv, nws hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv SCCL Å thiab co tau melted nrog KCL thiab Licl. Cov Molten zinc yog siv ua lub canhode rau electrolysis, ua rau scandium rau nag lossis zig Electrode. Tom qab ntawd, cov zinc tau evaporated kom tau nws yog xim hlau scandium. Qhov no yog ib lub teeb yuag dawb hlau nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo heev, uas tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog dej kub kom tsim cov roj hydrogen. Yog li cov hlau scandium koj pom hauv daim duab yog muab ntim rau hauv lub raj mis thiab tiv thaiv nrog cov txheej txheem daj lossis xim oxide, poob nws lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab.
Cov Ntawv Thov
Kev Lag Luam Teeb Kev Lag Luam
Cov kev siv ntawm scandium yog feeb los nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ci ci heev, thiab nws tsis yog kev exaggeration hu nws tus tub ntawm lub teeb. Thawj cov yeeb yaj kiab riam phom ntawm scandium yog hu ua scandium sodium teeb, uas tuaj yeem siv los nqa lub teeb rau ntau tsev neeg. Qhov no yog lub teeb hluav taws xob malide Thaum lub sij hawm high-voltage tshem tawm, scandium ions thiab sodium ions muaj teeb tsa lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lawv cov xeeb ceem emission yoj. Qhov kev pom ntawm cov kab ntawm sodium yog 589.0 thiab 589.6 nm, ob lub npe nrov daj, thaum muaj ib qho kev pom ntawm ultraviolet thiab xiav lub teeb pa emissions. Vim tias lawv tau sib txuam, qhov teeb ci tag nrho tsim yog lub teeb dawb. Nws yog qhov tseeb vim tias scandium sodium teeb pom kev zoo, lub zog muaj zog, lub zog ua haujlwm ntev, cov chaw ua si, kev ua si teeb pom kev zoo, thiab tau lub npe hu ua lub sijhawm thib peb teeb tsa. Hauv Suav teb, hom teeb no tau nce qib ua ib lub teb chaws tshiab, thaum nyob hauv qee lub teb chaws tsim tau siv tau dav thaum ntxov xyoo 1980s.
Cov khawv koob thib ob ntawm scandium yog hnub ci photoovoltic hlwb, uas tuaj yeem sau lub teeb tawg rau hauv av thiab muab hluav taws xob tig mus rau hauv lub teb chaws tib neeg. Scandium yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws barrier hlau nyob rau hauv cov hlau insulator sicicon solar hlwb thiab hlwb solar.
Nws thib peb cov khawv koob riam phom, cov cuab yeej ua khawv koob no tuaj yeem raug txais los ntawm lub teeb tsis tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm lub qhov muag liab qab, nws yog lub siab-zog photon ntws. Peb feem ntau extract 45sc los ntawm cov zaub mov, uas yog qhov tsuas yog cov amotopes ntawm scandium. Txhua txhua 45sc nucleus muaj 21 cov protons thiab 24 neutrons. 46SC, ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob cuav, tuaj yeem siv los ua cov teeb meem atomiation oms lossis cov kab mob atoms kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau cov qog ua qog. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv thov nyiam yttrium gallium scandium garnet laser,Tshuaj tsw qab fluoride scandiumIav infrrared kho qhov muag fiber ntau, thiab scandium coated pachode thawj lub raj. Nws zoo nkaus li tias scandium yog yug los nrog ci.
Alloy Kev Lag Luam
Scandium nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv tseem ceeb tau siv dav siv rau doping alloys alloys. Raws li ntev raws li ob peb txhiab ntawm scandium ntxiv rau txhuas, ib theem al3sc no yuav tsim, uas yuav ua rau cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov alloy hloov ntau. Ntxiv 0.2% ~ 0.4% SC (uas yog qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsev kom tau muaj qhov kub ntawm lub tsev ntawm 150-200 ℃, thiab cuam tshuam loj heev -Qhov lub zog, lub zog, cov qauv kev ruaj khov, vuam kev kawm, thiab corrosion tsis kam. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem zam cov kev tshwm sim embenlementkas uas yooj yim tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev ntawm kev kub siab. Lub zog siab thiab siab tawv txhuas alloy, kev kub siab alloy alloy, muaj zog zoo nkauj heev Nuclele Reveedors, lub teeb tsheb thiab tsheb ciav hlau siab.
Scandium tseem yog cov hloov kho tau zoo rau hlau, thiab ib qho me me ntawm scandium tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab kev nyuaj ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia. Ntxiv rau, scandium kuj tseem siv tau los ua kev ntxiv rau qhov kub-tungsten thiab chromium alloys. Ntawm chav kawm, ntxiv rau ua tshoob hnav rau lwm tus, scandium tau zoo ib yam li txhuas, thiab tseem siv nyob rau hauv cov scandium titanium alloy thiab scandium magnesium alloy. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws tus nqi siab, nws feem ntau tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv high-end tsim kev lag luam xws li chaw shutting thiab rockets.
Tej hub khoom
Scandium, ib qho khoom siv, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov alloys, thiab nws cov oxides ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txig sib luag. Lub tetragonal zirconia cov khoom siv electrode rau cov khoom siv oxide uas muaj kev nce qib hluav taws xob, muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas nce qib ntxiv thiab cov pa oxygen. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov khoom siv tej hub nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem muaj stably thiab tsis muaj tus nqi muaj; Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau doping qee cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov qauv no txhawm rau tswj nws cov yam ntxwv qub. Ntxiv 6 ~ 10% Scandium oxide yog zoo li tus qauv ua vaj tse, yog li cov zirconia tuaj yeem ruaj khov rau ntawm thaj chaw square.
Kuj tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke xws li cov khoom siv kub siab thiab kub tiv thaiv kub ua kom cov khoom sib tw ua cov densifiers thiab stabilizers.
Raws li densifier,Scandium oxidetuaj yeem tsim cov ntu ref2si2o7 ntawm ntug ntawm cov nplais uas muaj nplua, yog li txo qhov siab-tiv thaiv ntawm Engineering Ceramics. Piv nrog rau lwm cov oxides, nws tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua txhim kho qhov kev kub-cov tshuab siv kub ntawm silicon nitride.
Catalytic Chemistry
Hauv cov tshuaj engineering, scandium feem ntau siv los ua catalyst, thaum SC2O3 tuaj yeem siv rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab dometropanol, decomposter ntawm acetic acid, thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm ethylene los ntawm CO thiab H2. PT AL CATALYST muaj sc2o3 kuj tseem yog cov roj tseem ceeb rau cov roj hnyav thiab kho cov txheej txheem hauv petrochemical. Hauv catalytic tawg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li cumene, kev ua si ntawm sc-y zeroolite catalyst yog 1000 zaus siab dua li ntawm cov txhuas catalalyst; Piv nrog qee cov tshuaj catalysts, kev txhim kho cov kev cia siab ntawm scandium catalysts yuav yog qhov ci heev.
Nuclear Zog Kev Lag Luam
Ntxiv ib qho nyiaj me me ntawm sc2o3 rau UO2 hauv cov roj kub uas tsis muaj roj teeb
Roj Cell
Ib yam li ntawd, ntxiv 2.5% txog 25% scandium rau npib ob leeg yuav ua rau lawv lub neej pabcuam.
Ua liaj ua teb
Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, cov noob xws li pob kws, beet, taum pauv tau nrog cov nroj tsuag scandacle (lub siab zoo nkauj yuav muaj sib txawv), thiab cov nyhuv txawv ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev tshwm sim tau tiav lawm. Tom qab 8 teev, qhov hnyav hnyav ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov buds tau nce los ntawm 37% thiab 78% feem sib piv nrog seedlings, tab sis tus mechanism tseem tab tom kawm.
Los ntawm Nielsen cov xim rau cov nuj nqis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv malic pawg rau niaj hnub no, tab sis nws tau yuav luag zaum saum rooj ntev rau ib puas xyoo. Nws tsis yog kom txog thaum lub zog kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv science nyob rau tiam dhau tiam uas nws coj txoj kev loj hlob rau nws. Niaj hnub no, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb, suav nrog cov hnub qub scandium, tau ua haujlwm kub hauv cov khoom siv, ua si ntau lub neej txhua hnub, thiab tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig kev khwv nyiaj txiag uas yog qhov nyuaj ntau los ntsuas.
Lub sij hawm Post: Jun-29-2023