Dab tsi yogTsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb?
Tib neeg muaj keeb kwm dhau 200 xyoo txij li qhov nrhiav pom ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua pom muaj tshuaj nyob rau lub sijhawm, tsuas yog cov dej tsawg uas tsis tshua muaj pa tshuaj oxides tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg. Keeb kwm, xws li oxides tau hu ua "lub ntiaj teb", yog li no lub npe ntawm kev tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb.
Qhov tseeb, tsawg tsawg-lub ntiaj teb ntxhia tsis tshua muaj xwm. Lub ntiaj teb tsawg tsis yog lub ntiaj teb, tab sis ib lub ntsiab lus raug. Nws cov hom nquag tsuas yog ua ob hom me me rau cov hlau alkali thiab alkaline Ntiaj Teb Cov Hlau. Lawv muaj cov ntsiab lus ntau dua nyob rau hauv kev ua kaub puab dua li cov tooj liab, zinc, tin, cobalt, thiab npib tsib xee.
Tam sim no, tsis tshua muaj dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam hluav taws xob, petalchemicals, metclets, metc.ety, metallurgy, thiab lwm yam kev tsim tawm, ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem ua yam uas tsis muaj lub ntiaj teb tsawg.
Tuam Tshoj yog nplua nuj nyob hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov zaub mov, qeb duas ua ntej, nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb qeb: reserves, thiab ntim ntau lawm, thiab cov khoom ntim khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Tuam Tshoj yog tsuas yog tib lub teb chaws uas tuaj yeem muab tag nrho 17 tsawg lub ntiaj teb me me, tshwj xeeb yog cov tub rog tsis tshua muaj zog.
Lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj pes tsawg leeg
Lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov lus ntawm cov lus ntawm cov lus ntawm cov lus ntawm cov khoom lag luam:lus qhia(La),xiIAB(CE),Preaseymium(Pr),neodymium(ND), Promethium (PM),samar(Sm),huab cua(EU),gadolinium(GD),terbium(TB),dysprosium(Dy),Holmium(Ho),hoob laug(Er),thawj(Tm),ytterbium(YB),litetium(Lu), thiab ob lub ntsiab lus sib cuam tshuam nrog Lanthhanide:scandium(SC) thiabyttrium(Y).
Nws yog hu uaTsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb, sau lig li tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb.
Kev faib tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg
Tso cais tawm ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj ntawm cov ntsiab lus:
Lub teeb tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj:Scandium, yttrium, cerium, cerium, cerium, cerium, cerysymium, neodymium, promethium, Eurarium, Europium
Lub ntiaj teb tsawg tsawg:Gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, Holmium, erbium, thenbium, ytterbium, lutetium
Hais kom cov neeg muaj cov cim ntawm cov ntxhia:
Cerium pawg:Lanthhanum, cerium, preodymium, neodymium, promethium, Samarium, Europium
Yttrium pab pawg:Gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, Holmium, erbium, thenbium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium
Kev faib tawm los ntawm rho tawm sib cais:
Lub teeb tsawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb (P204 qaug zog acidity extraction): Lanthhanum, Ceeline, preaseodymium, neodymium
Nruab nrab tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb (P204 qis acidity extraction):Samarium, Europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium
Hnyav tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb (acidity extraction hauv P204):Holmium, erbium, thenterium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg
Ntau tshaj 50 lub zog ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov cim 4F hluav taws xob, ua rau lawv siv dav hauv ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv thiab qib siab tshiab cov ntaub ntawv.
4F Hluav Taws Xob Orbit
1. Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg
★ muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm nws cov khoom siv hlau; Nws yog Silver Grey, tsuas yog rau preaseymium thiab neodymium, nws tshwm taws daj
★ Oxide xim nplua nuj
★ freic freable sib txuas nrog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau
★ hlau muaj kev sib hlub
★ Yooj yim rau oxidize hauv huab cua
2 Optoelectronic Khoom
★Filled 4F Sublayer, qhov twg 4f hluav taws xob yog thaiv los ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, ua rau muaj ntau cov lus sib txawv thiab cov zog
Thaum 4F Hluav Taws Xob Hloov Chaw, lawv tuaj yeem nqus lossis tawm hluav taws xob ntawm ntau lub ntsej muag, ua rau nws haum raws li cov ntaub ntawv luminescent
★ Zoo conductivity, muaj peev xwm npaj nyiaj tsis tshua muaj feem ntawm electrolysis txoj kev
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm 4f hluav taws xob ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab
1.Materials Siv 4F Electronic Nta
★FCE 4F Electron Tig kev npaj:manifested raws li muaj zog Magnetism - haum rau siv raws li cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov, MRI cov ntaub ntawv siv, cov sensors, superconductors, thiab lwm yam
★F lossis Kev Hloov Tsheb Hluav Taws Xob: manifested raws li luminescence process - haum rau siv raws li cov khoom siv luminescors xws li phosphors, lasers, fiber ntau tshaj plaws, thiab lwm yam
Kev Hloov Hloov Hauv Hluav Taws Xob hauv 4F Lub Zog Cov Lus Qhia Band: Tsim rau cov xim kub thiab decolorization ntawm cov tshuaj kub thiab cov roj, iav, thiab lwm yam
2 yog qhov tsis ncaj rau 4f hluav taws xob, siv iionic lub vojviv, them thiab tshuaj lom neeg
★ nuclear tus yam ntxwv:
Me thermal nouton abson abson absetation cross ntu - haum rau siv raws li cov khoom siv ntawm nuclear reactors, thiab lwm yam
Neutron Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hla ntu - Tsim rau Shielding cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nuclear reactors, thiab lwm yam
Lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj tseeb ionic, tsub nqi, lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg:
lattice qhov tsis xws luag, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws, cov nqi sib txawv - tsim nyog rau cua sov, tshuaj catalalyst, enscing lub caij, thiab lwm yam
Cov Txheej Txheem Tshwj Xeeb - Tsim nyog rau kev siv AS Hydrogen cia alloy canhoe cov ntaub ntawv, microwave abassitting cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam
Electro kho qhov muag thiab dielectric thaj chaw - haum rau siv ua cov khoom siv teeb tsa, pob tshab ceramics, thiab lwm yam
Lub Sijhawm Post: Jul-06-2023