Barium Hlau (1)

1, Kev Taw Qhia Yooj Yim

Suav Lub Npe:Qia, English npe:Qia, cimBa, Atomic naj npawb 56 nyob rau hauv lub rooj ntu, yog ib pawg alkaline av ntawm 727 ° C (1000 k, 1341 ° F), thiab lub boiling taw tes ntawm 1870 ° C (2143 k, 3398 ° F). Barium yog ib qho av alkaline hlau hlau nrog ib qho nyiaj dawb luster, nrog cov nplaim hluav taws ntawm daj ntsuab, mos, thiab ducast.QiaMuaj cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog heev thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau nrog feem ntau tsis ua hlau.Qiayeej tsis tau pom tias yog ib qho khoom siv hauv qhov xwm.QiaCov ntsev muaj txiaj ntsig yog cov tshuaj lom tshwj tsis yogqiasulfate. Ntxiv rau,Nws yog xim hlau bariumMuaj kev txo qis kom muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem txo cov neeg hlau feem ntau, thiab cov sulfides kom tau txais cov hlau. Cov ntsiab lus ntawmqiaNyob rau hauv lub crust yog 0.05%, thiab cov zaub mov uas cov zaub mov uas muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov yog barite (qiasulfate) thiab witherite (qiacarbonate). Barium yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov liaj teb xws li electronics, ceramics, tshuaj, thiab roj av.

2, qhov kev tshawb pom ntawmQiathiab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam TshojQiaKev ua hauj lwm

1Cov. Ib nyuag keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawmqia

Alkaline lub ntiaj teb hlau sulfides ua yeeb yam phosphorescence, txhais tau hais tias lawv txuas ntxiv tawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv maub rau lub sijhawm tom qab raug teeb. Nws yog qhov tseeb vim tias cov xeeb ceem noqiaCov tebchaw tau pib tau txais xim.

Xyoo 1602, v. Casiorolus, ib tug khau ntaub nyob rau Bologna, Ltalis, tau pom tias muaj qhov chaw nyobqiasulfate emitted lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus tom qab ci nws nrog cov khoom sib txuas. Qhov tshwm sim no ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg European. Xyoo 1774, Swedish Cheminist CW Scheece nrhiav tau ib lub keeb tshiab nyob rau hauv barite, tab sis nws tsis muaj peev xwm cais nws, tsuas yog cov oxide ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawd. Xyoo 1776, Johan Gottlieb Gahn cais cov oxide no hauv kev kawm sib xws. Baryta tau pib hais ua Barote los ntawm Lenote de Morveau, thiab tom qab tau hloov npe ntawm Baryta (hnyav lub ntiaj teb) los ntawm Anoine Lavoisier. Hauv 1808, British Chemist Hephry Davy Siv Mercury ua lub Cathode, Platinum li Anode, thiab Lando4) los tsimqiaAmalgam. Tom qab distillation kom tshem tawm cov mercury, cov hlau nrog cov khoom siv qis tau thiab muaj npeBarium.

Cov ntawv thov muaj kuj muaj keeb kwm dhau ib puas xyoo

Raws li thaum ntxov li nruab nrab lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov neeg tau pib siv cov khoom lag luam ntoo (cov ntxhia tseem ceeb rau kev tsimqiathiabqiacompounds) raws li ib tug muab tub lim rau xim. Txij li lub xyoo pua no, cov chaw ua teb tau ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom ntau yamqiaMuaj cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj lom neeg. Vim nws cov tshuaj tseem ceeb, cov tshuaj muaj zog, thiab insoluble hauv dej thiab cov ntses liab tau raug siv los ua cov roj ntsha hais tias cov av muaj roj ntsha rau cov roj thiab roj av.QiaSulfate yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov xim dawb thiab tuaj yeem siv ua tus muab tub lim thiab xim rau roj hmab.

2. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm Tuam Tshojqiakev ua hauj lwm

Sib xwsqiasalts suav nrogqiasulfate,qianitrate, Barium chloride,qiacarbonate,qiacyanide, thiab lwm yam.QiaCov tshuaj ntsev tsuas yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob raws li cov khoom sib ntxiv rau cov duab xim cov duab thiab cov khoom sib nqus.

Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua neeg ntiaj teb coob tshaj plaws ntawmqiantsev. Lub Ntiaj Teb Txhua Xyoo Ntau Lawm Muaj Peev Xwm ntawmqiacarbonate yog kwv yees li 900000 tons, nrog ib qho kev tawm ntawm txog 700000 tons, thaum Tuam Tshoj cov zis ntau lawm yog li 700000 tons, suav rau ntau dua 70% ntawm lub ntiaj tebqiacarbonate ntau lawm thiab cov zis. Tuam Tshoj tusqiaCov khoom lag luam carbonate tau raug xa tawm hauv cov khoom loj rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua tus neeg ntiaj teb loj tshaj plawsqiacarbonate.

Cov teeb meem ntsib los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawmQiaNtsev kev lag luam nyob hauv Suav teb

Txawm hais tias Tuam Tshoj yog lub ntiaj teb cov neeg tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab cov xa khoom ntawmqiaCarbonate, nws tsis yog tus tsim muaj zog ntawm Barium Carbonate. Firstly, muaj ob peb loj-teevqiacarbonate tsim cov lag luam hauv Suav teb, thiab muaj ob peb tus neeg ua lag luam uas tau ua tiav kev tsim khoom loj; Thib ob, Tuam TshojqiaCov khoom lag luam carbonate muaj ib tus qauv thiab tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam uas muaj siab. Txawm hais tias qee qhov chaw tsim khoom tam sim no tshawb nrhiav thiab ua kom muaj kev coj siab zooqiacarbonate, nws ruaj khov yog tsis zoo. Rau cov khoom lag luam siab, Tuam Tshoj tseem yuav tsum tau xav tau los ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li Tebchaws Yelemees, Ltalis, thiab Nyij Pooj. Ib qho ntxiv, nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, qee lub tebchaws tau dhau los ua cov xa khoom tshiab ntawmqiacarbonate, xws li Russia, Brazil, Kaus Lim Qab Teb, thiab Mexico, ua rau oversuply nyob rau hauv Internationalqiacarbonate kev ua lag luam, uas tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm Tuam TshojqiaKev Lag Luam Carbon. Cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam txaus siab yuav txo tus nqi kom thiaj ciaj sia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Suav kev lag luam tshaj tawm kuj tseem tab tom ntsib kev tshawb nrhiav kev tawm tsam los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, qee yamqiaKev siv ntsev rau hauv Suav teb kuj tseem ntsib teeb meem kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Txhawm rau txhawb txoj kev txhim kho ntawm Tuam TshojqiaNtsev kev lag luam,qiaKev tiv thaiv ntsev rau hauv Suav yuav tsum tau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb cov khoom lag luam, thiab txhim kho cov kev xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus thev naus laus zis siab.

Cov Khoom Siv Ntau Lawm thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Xa Khoom Ntawm Cov Khoom Zaum Hauv Suav teb

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Geological Kev soj ntsuam, kev tsim khoom nyob hauv Suav teb yog kwv yees suav cov kev cai lij choj, txij lub Ib Hlis mus rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2014, Suav Tebchaws 92588597 kg ntawmqiasulfate, nce ntawm 0.18% piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los. Lub Cumulative tus nqi export yog 65496598 US Dollars, nce 20.99% piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los. Chav tsev xa khoom tau 0.71 US las ib phaus, nce 0.12 nyiaj daus las 0.12 nyiaj daus las ib phaus xyoo tas los. Ntawm lawv, nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2014, Tuam Tshoj exported 8768648 kilograms ntawmqiasulfate, nce ntawm 8.19% piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los. Tus nqi export yog 8385141 US las, nce ntxiv ntawm 5.1% piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv Suav kev lis kev cai, lub Rau Hli 2015, Tuam Tshoj xa tawm 170000 tons ntawmqiasulfate, ib qho kev txo qis ntawm 1.7% piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los; Hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo, lub cumulative export volume yog 1.12 lab tons, ib qho tsawg dua ntawm 6.8% piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los; Tus nqi xa tawm ib qho zuj zus los ntawm 5.4% thiab 9% piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los.

3, Kev faib tawm thiab zus tau tej cov roj Barium (narite) cov peev txheej

1. Kev faib khoom ntawm Barium cov peev txheej

Cov ntsiab lus ntawmqiaNyob rau hauv crust yog 0.05%, qeb duas 14. Cov mainals tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov yog barite (qiasulfate baso4) thiab witherite (qiacarbonate baco3). Ntawm lawv, nev yog qhov ntxhia tshaj plaws ntawm Barium, uas yog tsim ntawmqiasulfate thiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov leeg kub tsawg, xws li Quartz Barite Veins, Fluorite Barite Veins, thiab lwm yam Toxicite yog lwm qhov lojqiamuaj cov ntxhia hauv xwm, ntxiv rau qhov chaw barite, thiab nws lub ntsiab tivthaiv yogqiacarbonate.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas GOANTICAL VISICATE NOJ muaj kwv yees li 2 billion tons, ntawm uas 740 lab tons muaj pov thawj. Cov chaw barite thoob ntiaj teb yog 350 lab tons. Tuam Tshoj yog lub teb chaws uas muaj cov khoom muaj ntau tshaj plaws. Lwm lub tebchaws nrog cov nplua nuj ntawm cov nplua nuj cov nyiaj muaj xws li Kazakhstan, Türkiye, Is Nrias teb, Thaib teb, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Mexico. Cov cuab yeej muaj npe ntawm lub ntiaj teb muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb no suav nrog Westman av hauv Tebchaws Askiv, Tianzho hauv Hunania, Loosia hauv Hunania, Xiangzhou nyob rau hauv Guangxi, thiab Shuiping hauv Shaanxi.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Geological kev tshawb fawb hauv xyoo 2018.23 lab tons hauv xyoo 2014, nyob rau xyoo 2013, Suav tau ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov chaw tsim, muaj ntau lawm 4.1 lab tons , kev suav rau kwv yees li 44.3% ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tsim khoom. Is Nrias teb, Morocco, thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas, thib peb, thib peb, thiab ntau lawm ntawm 1.6 lab tons, thiab 720000 tons.

2. Kev faib tawm ntawmQiaCov Khoom Siv Hauv Suav

Tuam Tshoj yog nplua nuj nyob hauvqiaOre cov peev txheej, nrog kev kwv yees tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los ntawm ntau dua 1 billion tons. Ntxiv mus, qib ntawm barium gree yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab nws cov peev txheej thiab kev tsim khoom tam sim no tau ua ntej hauv ntiaj teb. Feem ntauqiamuaj cov ntxhia hauv xwm yog LARITE. Lub ntiaj teb tsuas yog 350 lab tons, thaum lub zeem muag ntawm tebchaws Suav teb yog 100 lab rau ntau lub ntiaj teb tshwj tseg thiab qeb thawj ua ntej hauv ntiaj teb.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv "Cov chaw ntxhoo hauv cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb, muab faib rau hauv 24 xeev (cov cheeb tsam) thoob tebchaws, Ua ntej tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb. Muaj 195 mining thaj chaw nrog cov peev txheej muaj pov thawj hauv Suav teb, nrog tag nrho cov peev txheej muaj tseeb tshwj xeeb ntawm 390 lab tons ntawm ore. Los ntawm cov neeg hauv xeev (cheeb tsam) Kev faib khoom ntawm LARITE, Guizhou Xeev tau muaj feem ntau, cov nyiaj txiag rau 34% ntawm lub teb chaws tag nrho cov peev txheej; Hunan, Guangxi, Gansu, Shaanxi thiab lwm lub xeev (thaj chaw) noj qhov chaw thib ob. Cov lus saum toj kawg nkaus tsib tus account rau 80% ntawm National Reserves. Cov nqi them nyiaj yog feem ntau sedimentary, nyiaj txiag rau 60% ntawm tag nrho cov peev txheej. Ib qho ntxiv, tseem muaj txheej txheej (endogenetic), volcanic sedimentary, hydrothermal, thiab huab cua (seem seem) hom. Lub sij hawm Mineralization lub sijhawm feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub paleozoic era, thiab yav tas los ua qhov nyiaj tso nyiaj tseem tau tsim los ntawm lub sijhawm Sinia thiab Mesozoic Cenozoic lub sijhawm.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Barite Mineral Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Suav

Los ntawm qhov tseeb qhov pom, barite cov zaub mov hauv Suav teb feem ntau tau muab faib rau hauv nruab nrab cheeb tsam; Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qib, yuav luag txhua cov minery nplua nuj yog feem ntau concentrated hauv Guizhou thiab Guangxi; Los ntawm kev pom ntawm Ore Deposit nplai, Tuam Tshoj cov chaw ua tiav cov chaw ua tiav feem ntau yog qhov loj thiab nruab nrab. Tsuas yog ob thaj tsam tsuas yog Guizhou Tianzhu Dahe Bian thiab Hunan Xinhuang Gonghua nyiaj Gongxi rau ntau dua ib nrab ntawm cov peev txheej hauv cov chaw no. Feem ntau, ib hom tw neeg yog lub ntsiab ore thiab cov ntxhia muaj kuab lom thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg sib piv thiab ntshiab, xws li tus neeg Hunan Xinhuang Gonghuang Gongxi Lett kuv. Ib qho ntxiv, kuj tseem muaj cov khoom loj loj ntawm Co thiab cuam tshuam cov zaub mov uas tuaj yeem ua tiav siv.

4, txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm Barium

1. Kev npaj ntawmqia

Kev tsim cov hlauic Barium hauv kev lag luam muaj ob kauj ruam: kev tsim cov barium barium los ntawm cov hlau thermal (alleileotmic txo).

(1) Kev npaj ntawmqiaoxide

High Quality Barite Ua Ntej Ua Ntej Yuav tsum tau xaiv thiab kev ua ke, tom qab los ntawm cov hlau thiab silicon tshem tawm muaj ntau dua 96%qiasulfate. Sib tov cov ntxhia hmoov nrog lub particle loj dua 20 mesh thiab thee lossis roj lossis calroleum coke ntawm 4: 1, thiab calcine ntawm 1100 ℃ hauv 1100 ℃ nyob rau hauv ib tug reverberatory rauv.QiaSulfate yog txo rau Barium Sulfide (feem ntau yog hu ua "dub tshauv"), uas yog leached nrog dej kub kom tau txais kev daws teeb meem ntawm barium sulfide. Txhawm rau hloov barium sulpide rau hauv Barium carbonate dej nag lossis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxiv sodium carbonate lossis qhia cov pa roj carbon dulfide. Sib tov Barium carbonate nrog carbon hmoov thiab calcine rau saum 800 ℃ kom tau Barium oxide. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias barium oxidizes los ua cov barium peroxide ntawm 500-700 ℃, thiab Barium peroxide tuaj yeem ua rauqiaOxide ntawm 700-800 ℃. Yog li ntawd, kom tsis txhob tsim cov khoom lag luam bar ci bar barium yuav tsum tau txias lossis quenched nyob rau hauv cov roj kev tiv thaiv.

(2) kev tsim khoom ntawmbarium hlauLos ntawm AluminersMic Txo Txoj Kev

Muaj ob qho kev cuam tshuam rau txhuas txo ntawmqiaOxide vim muaj cov khoom xyaw txawv:

6Bao + + 2al → 3bao • Al2o3 + 3ba ↑

Los yog: 4bao + + 2al → bao • al2o3 + 3ba ↑

Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txij li 1000 txog 1200 ℃, ob qho kev tawm tsam no tau tsim heev me ntsisqia, yog li nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los siv lub tshuab nqus tsev kom tsis tu ncuaqiaVapor los ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv rau thaj chaw ua hws kom ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus rau sab xis. Cov seem tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tshuaj lom thiab tsuas tuaj yeem muab pov tseg tom qab kev kho mob.

2. Kev npaj ntawm cov khoom siv barium

(1) Kev npaj ua haujlwm ntawmqiacarbonate

FairBoonization txoj kev

Cov pa roj carbonation tsuas yog sib xyaw ua ke thiab thee hauv qee qhov kev faib ua feem, thiab muab nws tso rau hauv 1100-1200 ℃ kom tau Barium Sulfide Melt. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide tau qhia rau hauvqiaSulfide daws rau carbonization, thiab tau txaisqiaCarbonate slurry raug rau kev ntxuav desulfurization thiab siv lub tshuab nqus tsev. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog qhuav thiab crushed ntawm 300 ℃ kom tau txais cov khoom tiav barbium carbonate. Hom no tau saws los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab feem ntau vim nws cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis.

② compomposition txoj kev

Cov khoom kawg ntawmqiaCov pa roj carbonate tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm ob chav kev txiav txim siab ntawm barium thiab ammonium carbonate, lossis los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm barium chloride thiab potassium carbonate. Cov khoom lag luam yog tom qab ntawd ntxuav, lim, qhuav, thiab lwm yam.

③ tshuaj lom neeg hnyav petrochemical txoj cai

Cov tshuaj lom hnyav ee yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob ammonium ntsev kom tsim solubleqiaNtsev, thiab ammonium carbonate yog rov siv dua rau siv. Lub solubleqiaNtsev tau ntxiv rau ammonium carbonate kom precipalate refined barium carbonate, uas tau lim thiab qhuav los ua cov khoom tiav. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tau niam cov cawv tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov siv dua.

(2) Kev npaj ua haujlwm ntawmqiaTitanate

① Cov Qauv-Theem

QiaTitanate tuaj yeem npaj tau los ntawm kev calciningqiacarbonate thiab titanium dioxide, uas tuaj yeem muab doped nrog lwm yam khoom siv.

② txoj kev colrecipitation

Yajqiachloride thiab titanium tetrachloride nyob rau hauv kev sib tov ntawm cov tshuaj sib npaug, ua kom sov rau 70 ° C, thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom cov roj pleev ximqiaTitanate [BATIO (C2O4) 2-4h2o]. Ntxuav, qhuav, thiab tom qab ntawd pyrolysis kom tau Barium Titanate.

(3) Kev Npaj Kev Npaj ntawmqiatshuaj ntsuab

Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawmqiaChloride mas suav nrog hydrochloric acid txujci,qiaCarbonate txoj kev, cov qauv tshuaj calcium, thiab cov txheej txheem Magnesium ntawm cov qauv sib txawv raws li cov qauv sib txawv.

① Hydrochloric acid qauv.

②QiaCarbonate txoj kev. Ua los ntawm cov pob zeb withered (Barium carbonate) raws li cov khoom siv raw.

Clocium tshuaj dawb cov qauv. Txo kev sib xyaw ntawm barite thiab calcium chloride nrog carbon.

Ib qho ntxiv, muaj cov qauv tshuaj magresium. Npaj los ntawm kev khoqiasulfide nrog cov tshuaj magnesium magnesium.