Muaj ib hom hlau uas yog tej yam yees siv heev. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, nws tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ua kua zoo li mercury. Yog tias koj muab tso rau ntawm lub kaus poom, koj yuav xav tsis thoob thaum pom tias lub raj mis ua kom tawg zoo li daim ntawv, thiab nws yuav tawg nrog tsuas yog poke. Tsis tas li ntawd, muab tso rau hauv cov hlau xws li tooj liab thiab hlau kuj ua rau qhov xwm txheej no, uas tuaj yeem hu ua "hlau terminator". Dab tsi ua rau nws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo li no? Niaj hnub no peb yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov hlau gallium.
1 、 Lub ntsiab yog dab tsiGallium hlau
Gallium keeb yog nyob rau hauv plaub lub sij hawm IIIA pawg nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Lub melting point ntawm ntshiab gallium yog tsawg heev, tsuas yog 29.78 ℃, tab sis lub boiling point yog siab li 2204.8 ℃. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, feem ntau nws tshwm sim ua kua thiab tuaj yeem yaj thaum muab tso rau hauv xibtes. Los ntawm cov khoom saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab tias gallium tuaj yeem corrode lwm cov hlau tau meej vim nws qhov qis melting point. Cov kua dej gallium ua cov alloys nrog lwm cov hlau, uas yog qhov tshwm sim tej yam yees siv tau hais ua ntej. Nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb pob zeb tsuas yog kwv yees li 0.001%, thiab nws lub neej tsis tau pom txog 140 xyoo dhau los. Nyob rau hauv 1871, Lavxias teb sab chemist Mendeleev piav qhia lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab kwv yees hais tias tom qab zinc, kuj muaj ib tug tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub aluminium, uas muaj zoo xws li cov khoom rau txhuas thiab hu ua "aluminium zoo li lub caij". Xyoo 1875, thaum tus kws tshawb fawb Fab Kis Bowabordland tab tom kawm txog txoj cai spectral kab ntawm cov hlau hlau ntawm tib tsev neeg, nws pom lub teeb coj txawv txawv hauv sphalerite (ZnS), yog li nws pom qhov no "txhuas zoo li lub caij", thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws lub npe tom qab nws lub teb chaws. Fabkis (Gaul, Latin Gallia), nrog lub cim Ga los sawv cev rau lub caij no, yog li gallium tau los ua thawj lub ntsiab lus kwv yees hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj lom neeg, thiab tom qab ntawd pom cov khoom pov thawj hauv kev sim.
Gallium feem ntau yog muab faib rau hauv Suav teb, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Fabkis, Australia, Kazakhstan thiab lwm lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, uas Tuam Tshoj cov peev txheej gallium khaws tseg rau ntau dua 95% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho, feem ntau faib hauv Shanxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Henan, Guangxi. thiab lwm qhov chaw [1]. Hais txog kev faib khoom, Shanxi, Shandong thiab lwm qhov chaw feem ntau muaj nyob hauv bauxite, Yunnan thiab lwm qhov chaw hauv tin ore, thiab Hunan thiab lwm qhov chaw feem ntau muaj nyob hauv sphalerite. Thaum pib ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm gallium hlau, vim tsis muaj cov kev tshawb fawb sib xws ntawm nws daim ntawv thov, tib neeg yeej ib txwm ntseeg tias nws yog cov hlau uas tsis siv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis thiab lub sijhawm ntawm lub zog tshiab thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis, Gallium hlau tau txais kev saib xyuas raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm, thiab nws qhov kev thov tau nce ntxiv.
2, Daim ntawv thov teb ntawm Hlau Gallium
1. Semiconductor teb
Gallium feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor, nrog cov khoom siv gallium arsenide (GaAs) yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws thiab cov thev naus laus zis yog cov neeg paub tab. Raws li tus neeg nqa khoom ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv semiconductor suav txog 80% mus rau 85% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv gallium, feem ntau yog siv hauv kev sib txuas lus wireless. Gallium arsenide fais fab amplifiers tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib txuas lus ceev mus rau 100 npaug ntawm 4G tes hauj lwm, uas tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nkag mus rau 5G era. Tsis tas li ntawd, gallium tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cua kub dissipation nruab nrab hauv cov ntawv siv semiconductor vim nws cov yam ntxwv thermal, qis melting point, siab thermal conductivity, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Siv Gallium hlau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug gallium raws li alloy nyob rau hauv thermal interface cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov cua kub dissipation muaj peev xwm thiab efficiency ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
2. Solar cells
Kev loj hlob ntawm lub hnub ci hlwb tau dhau los ntawm cov hnub ci monocrystalline silicon hnub ci mus rau polycrystalline silicon nyias zaj duab xis hlwb. Vim yog tus nqi siab ntawm polycrystalline silicon nyias zaj duab xis hlwb, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom tooj liab indium gallium selenium nyias zaj duab xis (CIGS) hlwb hauv cov khoom siv semiconductor [3]. CIGS hlwb muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov nqi qis qis, cov khoom lag luam loj loj, thiab tus nqi siab photoelectric hloov dua siab tshiab, yog li muaj kev loj hlob dav dav. Thib ob, gallium arsenide hnub ci hlwb muaj qhov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev hloov dua siab tshiab piv rau cov hlwb nyias ua los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias cov khoom siv gallium arsenide yog cov khoom siv siab heev, lawv tam sim no tsuas yog siv hauv aerospace thiab tub rog teb.
3. Hydrogen zog
Nrog rau kev paub txog kev kub ntxhov ntawm lub zog thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tib neeg tab tom nrhiav los hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis txuas ntxiv, ntawm cov hluav taws xob hydrogen sawv tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi siab thiab tsis tshua muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm hydrogen cia thiab kev thauj mus los cuam tshuam kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no. Raws li cov khoom siv hlau ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov pob zeb, txhuas tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog dej los tsim hydrogen nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, uas yog ib qho zoo tagnrho hydrogen cia cov ntaub ntawv, Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov yooj yim oxidation ntawm cov hlau txhuas los ua ib daim ntawv tuab aluminium oxide zaj duab xis. , uas inhibits cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov hlau tsis tshua muaj melting point hlau gallium tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau alloy nrog txhuas, thiab gallium tuaj yeem yaj cov txheej txheem aluminium oxide txheej, tso cai rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus ntxiv [4], thiab cov hlau gallium tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab rov siv dua. . Kev siv cov khoom siv aluminium gallium alloy zoo heev daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev npaj sai thiab kev nyab xeeb thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm hydrogen zog, txhim kho kev nyab xeeb, kev lag luam, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
4. Kev kho mob teb
Gallium feem ntau siv rau hauv kev kho mob vim nws cov khoom hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev kuaj pom thiab inhibiting malignant qog. Gallium compounds muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov kab mob, thiab thaum kawg ua kom tsis muaj menyuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov kab mob metabolism. Thiab gallium alloys tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntsuas kub, xws li gallium indium tin tus pas ntsuas kub, ib hom tshiab ntawm cov kua hlau alloy uas muaj kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, thiab tuaj yeem siv los hloov tshuaj mercury thermometers. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev faib ua feem ntawm gallium raws li alloy hloov cov tsoos nyiaj amalgam thiab siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob daim ntawv thov raws li ib tug tshiab kho hniav cov ntaub ntawv.
3. Outlook
Txawm hais tias Tuam Tshoj yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm gallium hauv ntiaj teb, tseem muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam gallium. Vim tias cov ntsiab lus tsawg ntawm gallium ua cov ntxhia ua ke, cov chaw tsim khoom gallium tau tawg, thiab muaj cov kev sib txuas tsis muaj zog hauv cov saw hlau. Cov txheej txheem mining muaj ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug, thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm high-purity gallium kuj tsis muaj zog, feem ntau cia siab rau exporting ntxhib gallium ntawm tus nqi qis thiab importing refined gallium ntawm tus nqi siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg txoj kev ua neej nyob, thiab kev siv dav dav ntawm gallium hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub zog, qhov kev thov rau gallium kuj yuav nce sai heev. Cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis ntawm high-purity gallium yuav inevitably muaj kev txwv rau Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua tiav kev txhim kho zoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv Suav teb.
Post lub sij hawm: May-17-2023