Neodymium, element 60 of the periodic table.
Neodymium yog txuam nrog praseodymium, ob qho tib si yog Lanthanide nrog cov khoom zoo sib xws. Nyob rau hauv 1885, tom qab Swedish chemist Mosander pom qhov sib tov ntawmlanthanumthiab praseodymium thiab neodymium, Austrian Welsbach tau ntse cais ob hom "tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb": neodymium oxide thiabpraseodymium oxide hmoov, thiab thaum kawg sib caisneodymiumthiabpraseodymiumlos ntawm lawv.
Neodymium, nyiaj dawb hlau nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, tuaj yeem oxidize sai hauv huab cua; Zoo ib yam li praseodymium, nws reacts maj mam nyob rau hauv dej txias thiab sai sai tso hydrogen gas hauv dej kub. Neodymium muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust thiab yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv monazite thiab bastnaesite, nrog nws abundance thib ob tsuas yog cerium.
Neodymium feem ntau yog siv los ua cov xim hauv iav hauv xyoo pua 19th. Thaum twgneodymium oxide hmoovtau yaj mus rau hauv iav, nws yuav tsim ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo xws li sov paj yeeb rau xiav nyob ntawm qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo. Tsis txhob kwv yees cov iav tshwj xeeb ntawm neodymium ions hu ua "neodymium iav". Nws yog "lub plawv" ntawm lasers, thiab nws qhov zoo ncaj qha txiav txim siab lub peev xwm thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom siv laser tso zis zog. Tam sim no nws yog lub npe hu ua laser ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb uas tuaj yeem tso tawm lub zog siab tshaj plaws. Lub neodymium ions nyob rau hauv neodymium iav yog tus yuam sij rau kev khiav nce thiab nqis hauv "skyscraper" ntawm lub zog theem thiab tsim lub zog siab tshaj plaws laser thaum lub sij hawm hloov pauv loj, uas tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog tsis txaus nanojouule qib 10-9 laser zog mus rau qib. lub "lub hnub me me". Lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws neodymium iav laser fusion ntaus ntawv, National Ignition Device ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas, tau nce lub nruam melting thev naus laus zis ntawm neodymium iav mus rau qib tshiab thiab tau teev npe raws li xya qhov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Xyoo 1964, Shanghai Institute of Optics thiab Fine Mechanics ntawm Suav Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau pib tshawb fawb txog plaub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev nruam melting, precision annealing, edging thiab kuaj ntawm neodymium iav. Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav, qhov kev ua tiav loj tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los. Hu Lili pab pawg yog thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb kom paub txog Shanghai ultra khaus thiab ultra luv luv laser ntaus ntawv nrog 10 watt laser tso zis. Nws cov tub ntxhais yog los ua tus tswv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplai loj thiab kev ua haujlwm siab laser Nd iav batch manufacturing. Yog li ntawd, Suav Academy ntawm Sciences Shanghai lub koom haum ntawm Optics thiab Precision Machinery tau dhau los ua thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm nws tus kheej tus kheej lub tswv yim ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm technology ntawm laser Nd iav Cheebtsam.
Neodymium kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov uas muaj zog tshaj plaws - neodymium hlau boron alloy. Neodymium hlau boron alloy yog ib qho khoom plig hnyav uas tau muab los ntawm Nyij Pooj xyoo 1980s los rhuav tshem cov kev lag luam ntawm General Motors hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Tam sim no tus kws tshawb fawb Masato Zuokawa tau tsim ib yam tshiab ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, uas yog cov hlau nplaum hlau uas muaj peb yam: neodymium, hlau, thiab boron. Cov kws tshawb fawb Suav tseem tau tsim ib txoj kev sintering tshiab, siv induction cua sov sintering es tsis txhob siv cov tsoos sintering thiab kev kho cua sov, kom ua tiav sintering ntom ntawm ntau tshaj 95% ntawm qhov theoretical tus nqi ntawm cov hlau nplaum, uas tuaj yeem zam dhau kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlau nplaum, luv luv. lub voj voog ntau lawm, thiab sib raug zoo txo cov nqi tsim khoom.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-01-2023