Erbium, atomic naj npawb 68, nyob rau hauv lub voj voog thib 6 ntawm lub sijhawm tshuaj lom neeg, lanthanide (IIIB pawg) tus lej 11, atomic hnyav 167.26, thiab lub npe lub npe los ntawm qhov chaw tshawb pom ntawm yttrium ntiaj teb.
Erbiummuaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.000247% nyob rau hauv lub crust thiab pom nyob rau hauv ntautsawg ntiaj tebcov ntxhia. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb igneous thiab tuaj yeem tau los ntawm electrolysis thiab melting ntawm ErCl3. Nws coexists nrog lwm cov high-density tsawg lub ntiaj teb ntsiab nyob rau hauv yttrium phosphate thiab dubtsawg ntiaj tebkub deposits.
Ionictsawg ntiaj tebminerals: Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Phosphorus yttrium ore: Malaysia, Guangxi, Guangdong, Suav. Monazite: Australia cov ntug hiav txwv dej, Is Nrias teb cov ntug dej hiav txwv, Guangdong, Tuam Tshoj, thiab Taiwan cov ntug dej hiav txwv.
Nrhiav keeb kwm
Tshawb nrhiav hauv 1843
Cov txheej txheem tshawb nrhiav: Tshawb nrhiav los ntawm CG Mosander hauv xyoo 1843. Nws thawj lub npe hu ua oxide ntawm erbium terbium oxide, yog li hauv cov ntaub ntawv thaum ntxov,terbium oxidethiaberbium oxide hmoovtau sib xyaw. Nws tsis yog txog tom qab 1860 qhov kev kho yuav tsum tau ua.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm raws li lub discovery ntawmlanthanum, Mossander tau soj ntsuam thiab kawm txog qhov pib pom yttrium, thiab luam tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 1842, qhia meej tias qhov pib pom yttrium lub ntiaj teb tsis yog ib qho oxide elemental, tab sis ib qho oxide ntawm peb lub ntsiab. Nws tseem hu ua ib tug ntawm lawv yttrium ntiaj teb, thiab ib tug ntawm lawv erbia (erbiumntiaj teb). Lub cim cim yog tsim los ua Er. Kev tshawb pom ntawm erbium thiab ob lub ntsiab lus,lanthanumthiabterbium, qhib lub qhov rooj thib ob rau lub discovery ntawmtsawg ntiaj tebcov ntsiab lus, kos rau theem thib ob ntawm lawv qhov kev tshawb pom. Lawv qhov kev tshawb pom yog qhov nrhiav tau ntawm pebtsawg ntiaj tebcov ntsiab lus tom qab ob lub ntsiab lusceriumthiabyttrium.
Electron configuration
Electronic layout:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12
Thawj ionization zog yog 6.10 electron volts. Cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev muaj zog yuav luag zoo ib yam rau cov holmium thiab dysprosium.
Cov isotopes ntawm erbium muaj xws li: 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, 170Er.
Hlau
Erbiumyog ib tug silver dawb hlau, mos nyob rau hauv kev ntxhib los mos, insoluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab soluble nyob rau hauv acids. Cov ntsev thiab oxides yog xim liab mus rau xim liab. Melting point 1529 ° C, boiling point 2863 ° C, ceev 9.006 g / cm³.
Erbiumyog antiferromagnetic ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, muaj zog ferromagnetic nyob ze rau xoom xoom, thiab yog superconductor.
Erbiumyog maj mam oxidized los ntawm huab cua thiab dej nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, uas ua rau ib tug rose liab xim.
Daim ntawv thov:
Nws oxideUa 2O3yog xim liab liab siv los ua glazed pottery.Erbium oxideyog siv rau hauv kev lag luam ceramic los tsim cov xim liab enamel.
Erbiumkuj muaj qee qhov kev siv hauv kev lag luam nuclear thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hlau rau lwm cov hlau. Piv txwv li, dopingerbiumrau hauv vanadium tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov ductility.
Tam sim no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev siverbiumyog nyob rau hauv manufacturingerbiumdoped fiber ntau amplifiers (EDFAs). Lub bait doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm University of Southampton nyob rau hauv 1985. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj inventions nyob rau hauv fiber optic kev sib txuas lus thiab muaj peev xwm txawm hais tias nws yog "chaw nres tsheb roj" ntawm niaj hnub no cov ntaub ntawv nyob deb superhighway.Erbiumdoped fiber yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub amplifier los ntawm doping ib qho me me ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj erbium ions (Er3+) rau hauv quartz fiber. Doping kaum rau pua pua ntawm ppm ntawm erbium hauv cov fibers kho qhov muag tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov poob hauv kev sib txuas lus.Erbiumdoped fiber ntau amplifiers zoo li lub "tswj chaw nres tsheb" ntawm lub teeb, tso cai rau cov teeb liab kho qhov muag xa mus yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb, yog li qhib lub thev naus laus zis channel rau niaj hnub ntev-ntev, muaj peev xwm, thiab kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau ceev. .
Lwm daim ntawv thov hotspot ntawmerbiumyog laser, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv kho mob laser.Erbiumlaser yog ib tug solid-state mem tes laser nrog lub wavelength ntawm 2940nm, uas tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov dej molecules hauv tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg, ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb nrog lub zog tsawg. Nws tuaj yeem raug txiav, zom, thiab tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Erbium YAG laser kuj siv rau cataract extraction.ErbiumCov cuab yeej siv kho mob laser tau qhib ntau daim ntawv thov rau kev phais laser.
Erbiumkuj tseem siv tau los ua ib qho activated ion rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb upconversion laser.Erbiumlaser upconversion cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: ib leeg siv lead ua (fluoride, oxygen-muaj ntsev) thiab iav (fiber), xws li erbium-doped yttrium aluminate (YAP: Er3+) muaju thiab Er3 + doped ZBLAN fluoride (ZrF4-BaF2- LaF3-AlF3-NaF) iav fibers, uas tam sim no tau siv tau. BaYF5: Yb3+, Er3+ tuaj yeem hloov lub teeb infrared rau hauv lub teeb pom kev, thiab cov khoom siv multiphoton upconversion luminescent tau ua tiav hauv cov khoom siv pom kev hmo ntuj.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-25-2023