Hauv lub ntiaj teb no tej yam yees siv,qiaIb txwm nyiam cov xim ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nrog nws cov cim kev ntxim nyiam thiab cov ntawv thov dav. Txawm hais tias qhov no silvery-dawb hlau tsis yog li dazzling li kub lossis nyiaj, nws plays lub luag haujlwm tsis tseem ceeb hauv ntau thaj teb. Los ntawm cov kev ntsuas ntsuas hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam chaw soj ntsuam hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam hauv kev ntsuas kev kho mob hauv cov kev siv tshuaj uas nws cov peev txheej thiab cov haujlwm.
Thaum ntxov li 1602, Cassio Lauro, ib tug khau raj nyob rau hauv lub nroog Italian ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas muaj barium uas muaj kev sim siab thiab tsis txaus siab nrhiav tau tias nws yuav ci tau qhov tsaus ntuj. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau txaus siab rau cov kws tshawb fawb thaum lub sijhawm, thiab lub pob zeb tau muaj npe Porra Pob Zeb thiab tau ua lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov European Chemist.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog lub Swedish Chemist Scheele uas tau lees paub tias Barium yog lub caij tshiab. Nws nrhiav tau Barium oxide hauv 1774 thiab hu nws "baryta" (hnyav lub ntiaj teb). Nws kawm cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv qhov tob thiab ntseeg tias nws tau tsim ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshiab (oxide) ua ke nrog sulfuric acid. Ob xyoos tom qab, nws tau ua tiav lub nitrate ntawm cov av tshiab thiab tau txais cov dawb oxide.
Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias Scheepe nrhiav tau cov oxee ntawm barium, nws tsis yog txog 1808 uas yog British Chemist Dav Hlau los ntawm electrolyte tsim los ntawm barite. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau cim ntawm barium lees tias yog xim hlau, thiab tseem tau qhib txoj kev taug kev ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm barium hauv ntau thaj teb.
Txij thaum ntawd los, tib neeg cov tsiaj txhu tsis txuas ntxiv mus tob dua lawv txoj kev nkag siab ntawm barium. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom qhov tsis paub txog xwm thiab txhawb txoj kev kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis los ntawm kev kawm txog cov khoom thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm barium. Daim ntawv thov ntawm barium hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev lag luam, thiab kev yooj yim thiab kev nplij siab ntawm Barium lus dag tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim tsis tseeb tom qab nws. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb nrhiav tsis meej ntawm qhov thiab nce qib kev kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis los ntawm kev kawm txog cov khoom thiab kev coj ua ntawm barium. Tib lub sijhawm, Barium kuj ntsiag to ua lub luag haujlwm hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub, coj kev yooj yim thiab kev txhawb zog rau peb lub neej.
Cia peb emigark rau txoj kev taug no ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav barium, unveil nws cov ntaub ntawv pov thaiv, thiab txaus siab rau nws cov ntxim nyiam tshwj xeeb. Hauv tsab xov xwm hauv qab no, peb yuav nkag siab txog cov khoom thiab kev siv ntawm barium, raws li nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev lag luam, thiab tshuaj. Kuv ntseeg tias los ntawm kev nyeem cov ntawv no, koj yuav muaj kev nkag siab tob thiab kev paub ntawm barium.
1. Daim ntawv thov ntawm Barium
Barium yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg. Nws yog cov hlau nplaum-dawb uas muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau cov zaub mov muaj ntau yam. Cov hauv qab no yog qee cov siv txhua hnub ntawm Barium
Kev hlawv thiab lumlascence: Barium yog cov hlau ua kom zoo dua uas ua rau lub nplaim ci ntsa iab thaum nws los ua kev sib cuag nrog ammonia lossis oxygen. Qhov no ua rau barium dav siv hauv kev lag luam xws li cov foob pob hluav taws tsim, nplaim taws, thiab phosphor tsim.
Kev lag luam kho mob: Barium compounds tseem dav siv hauv kev kho mob. Barium noj mov (xws li cov ntsiav tshuaj barium) yog siv nyob rau hauv paus ntsiav tshuaj X-roose kev xeem kom pab cov kws kho mob soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov. Barium sib txuas no tseem siv rau qee qhov kev kho mob xov tooj cua, xws li Iodine ntau rau kev kho mob ntawm cov qog ua mob.
Iav thiab Ceramics: Barium compounds feem ntau siv hauv iav thiab tej hub ua vim lawv lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj thiab corrosion tsis kam. Barium compium tuaj yeem txhim kho lub hardness thiab lub zog ntawm ceramics thiab tuaj yeem muab qee qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab.
Hlau alloys: Barium tuaj yeem tsim cov alloys nrog lwm cov hlau hais, thiab cov alloys muaj qee cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, barium alloys tuaj yeem nce lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm txhuas thiab magnesium alloys, ua rau lawv yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem thiab nrum. Ib qho ntxiv, Barium alloys nrog cov khoom sib nqus kuj tseem siv los ua cov roj teeb thiab cov khoom sib nqus.
Barium yog tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg lub cim BA thiab atomic naj npawb 56. Barium yog nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntiaj teb
2. Lub zog ntawm Barium
Barium (ba)yog ib lub ntiaj teb alkaline hlau ntoo. 1. Pom: Barium yog qhov muag muag, silvery-dawb hlau nrog lub ntsis sib txawv ntawm cov meter thaum txiav.
2. Quav: Barium muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm li 3.5 g / cm³. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau hauv ntiaj teb.
3. Melting thiab boiling cov ntsiab lus: lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm barium yog hais txog 727 ° C thiab qhov cub npau npau yog txog 1897 ° C.
4. Hardness: Barium yog tus hlau mos kuj mos nrog lub mohs tawv ntawm li 1.25 ntawm 20 degrees Celsius.
5 Barium yog tus neeg ua haujlwm zoo ntawm hluav taws xob nrog hluav taws xob siab.
6. Ductility: txawm hais tias Barium yog cov hlau muag muag, nws muaj qee cov qib kev sib tw thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv nyias lossis cov xov hlau.
7. Tshuaj lom neeg: Barium tsis muaj zog nrog feem ntau tsis muaj kev tsis yog thiab ntau hlau ntawm chav tsev kub, tab sis nws tsim cov neeg nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab cua. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov tebchaw nrog ntau cov ntsiab ntawm nonmetallic, xws li oxides, sulfides, thiab lwm yam.
8. Cov qauv ntawm lub neej: cov zaub mov muaj barium hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, xws li barite (barium sulfate), etc.xides, oxides, cov pa roj carbonates, thiab lwm yam.
9. Xov tooj cua: Barium muaj ntau yam barium-133 yog ib qho kev siv tshuaj ntsuam mob thiab nuclear tshuaj.
10. Daim ntawv thov: Barium sib txuas ua ke tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam, xws li cov roj av catalinations, thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntsuam kev lag luam Ua kom nws dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau thaj teb.
3. Tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm Barium
Nws yog xim hlau cov khoom: Barium yog xim hlau tawv nrog lub silvery-dawb tsos thiab zoo hluav taws xob conductivity.
Qhov ntom ntom thiab melting point: Barium yog qhov tseem ceeb me ntsis uas muaj qhov ntom ntawm 3.51 g / cm3. Barium muaj qhov tsawg melting point ntawm txog li 727 degrees Celsius (1341 degrees Fahrenheit).
Reactivity: Barium reacts sai nrog feem ntau tsis yog xim hlau ntsiab, tshwj xeeb yog nrog chlorine thiab bromine), tsim coj sib txuas lus barium. Piv txwv li, barium reacts nrog chlorine los tsim barium chloride.
Oxidizaby: Barium tuaj yeem ua tau oxidized los tsim barium oxide. Barium oxide yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam xws li hlau smelting thiab iav. Kev ua haujlwm siab: Barium muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj mob siab thiab yooj yim rov ua nrog dej kom tso cov hydroter hydroxide.
4. Txheeb xyuas cov khoom ntawm barium
Lub luag haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv roj ntsha ntawmqiaHauv cov muaj sia tsis tau nkag siab meej, tab sis nws paub tias Barium tau qee qhov toxicity rau cov muaj sia.
Kev nkag siab: Tib neeg tsuas yog ingest barium los ntawm cov zaub mov thiab dej haus. Qee cov zaub mov yuav muaj cov nqi barium, xws li nplej, nqaij, thiab cov khoom noj mis. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov av hauv av muaj ntau dua ntawm Barium.
Kev nqus roj ntsha thiab cov metabolism: barium tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov kab mob thiab faib rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev thaj av ntshav. Barium tsuas yog sau rau hauv lub raum thiab pob txha, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov pob txha.
Txheeb raws roj ntsha: barium tseem tsis tau pom tias muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm hauv cov tsiaj muaj sia. Yog li ntawd, kev lom neeg muaj nuj nqi ntawm barium tseem muaj teeb meem.
5. Txheeb xyuas cov khoom ntawm barium
Kev lom zem: muaj kev sib tw siab ntawm barium ions lossis barium sib txuas yog kuab paug rau tib neeg lub cev. Kev noj cov khoom siv ntau dhau ntawm Barium tuaj yeem ua rau ntuav ua mob, raws plab, thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj rau kev puas tsuaj, raum puas thiab cov teeb meem plawv.
Pob txha tsub zuj zuj: Barium tuaj yeem sib sau ua cov pob txha hauv tib neeg lub cev, tshwj xeeb yog nyob hauv cov neeg laus. Lub sijhawm ntev raug rau lub siab loj ntawm Barium yuav ua rau cov kab mob pob txha xws li kab mob sab.
Cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg mob plawv: barium, zoo li sodium, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ion sib npaug thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cuam tshuam rau lub plawv ua haujlwm. Kev haus ntau dhau ntawm Barium ntau yuav ua rau lub plawv tsis sib xws thiab nce kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub plawv nres.
Carcinogenicity: txawm hais tias tseem muaj kev sib cav txog cov carcinogenicity ntawm Barium, xws li mob qog nqaij hlav cancer thiab esophageal cancer. Vim muaj kev lom zem thiab muaj kev phom sij ntawm barium, tib neeg yuav tsum ceev faj kom tsis txhob muaj ntau dhau los lossis ntev ntev rau kev siv lub siab ntawm Barium. Barium relarrations nyob rau hauv cov dej haus thiab cov khoom noj yuav tsum raug saib xyuas thiab tswj hwm kom tiv thaiv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Yog tias koj xav tias raug tshuaj lom lossis muaj cov tsos mob ntsig txog, thov nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd.
6. Barium nyob rau hauv xwm
Barium minerals: Barium tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb crust hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov. Qee cov zaub mov barble ib txwm muaj xws li barite thiab fererite. Cov ores no feem ntau tshwm sim nrog lwm cov zaub mov, xws li cov hmoov txhuas, zinc, thiab nyiaj.
Yaj hauv cov dej hauv av thiab pob zeb: barium tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv cov av thiab cov pob zeb hauv lub xeev yaj. Cov dej hauv av muaj cov nqi ntawm cov yaj, thiab nws txoj kev xav yog yog yog yog nyob ntawm geological tej yam thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm lub cev dej. Barium sals: Barium tuaj yeem tsim cov kua qaub sib txawv, xws li barium chloride, barium nitrate thiab Barium carbonate. Cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv cov xwm ua cov zaub mov ntuj.
Cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv av:QiaMuaj peev xwm muaj nyob rau hauv av nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sib txawv, qee cov uas tuaj ntawm kev xaus ntawm ntuj pob zeb los yog pob zeb. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm barium hauv av feem ntau yog tsawg, tab sis kuj muaj cov kev sib txuas siab ntau ntawm barium hauv qee thaj chaw tshwj xeeb.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm barium yuav sib txawv hauv cov chaw sib txawv thiab thaj tsam uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum sib tham barble.
7. Barium tsuas thiab ntau lawm
Qhov kev txiav thiab cov txheej txheem npaj ntawm barium feem ntau suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
1. Tsuas ntawm Barium Ore: Cov ntxhia ntawm Barium Ore yog LARITE, tseem hu ua barium sulfate. Nws yog feem ntau pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb kev ua kaub puab thiab yog dav faib hauv cov pob zeb thiab cov ntxhia tso tseg hauv ntiaj teb. Tsuas yog feem ntau yuav cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem xws li blasting xws li blasting, tsuas, crushing thiab muab qhab nia ntawm ore kom tau cov ores uas muaj barium sulfate.
2. Kev npaj ntawm mloog zoo: EXTRACTING Barium los ntawm Barium Ore yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev kho siab rau cov ore. Kev npaj siab ntau zaus suav nrog kev xaiv tes thiab cov txheej txheem txhaws kom tshem tawm impurities thiab tau ore muaj ntau dua 96% barium sulfate.
3. Kev npaj ntawm Barium Sulfate: tus mloog zoo yog yog los ua cov kauj ruam xws li kev tshem tawm hlau thiab silicon kom kawg li thaum kawg tau barium sulfate (baso4).
4. Kev npaj ntawm Barium Sulfide: Yuav kom npaj Barium Barium, Barium Sulfate xav tau hloov mus ua Barium Sulfide, kuj hu ua cov ntoo tshauv dub. Barium sulfate ore hmoov nrog ib tug me me ntawm tsawg dua 20 mesh feem ntau yog tov nrog thee lossis roj av coke ntawm 4: 1. Qhov sib tov yog roasted thaum 1100 ℃ nyob rau hauv ib tug reverberatoration rauv, thiab barium sulfate yog txo rau Barium Sulfide.
5. Dissolving Barium Sulfide: Barium Sulfide daws ntawm Barium Sulfate tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm dej kub lim.
6. Kev npaj ntawm barium oxide: txhawm rau hloov barium sulpide rau hauv cov roj barbon los yog cov pa roj carium Tom qab tov Barium carbonate thiab carbon hmoov, kho rau saum 800 ℃ tuaj yeem tsim barium oxide.
7. Cua txias thiab kev tsim khoom: nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias barium oxide yog oxidized los tsim barium peroxide ntawm 500, thiab barium peroxide tuaj yeem decomposed los tsim Barium oxide ntawm 700-800 ℃. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom lag luam barium peroxide, cov khoom calcined yuav tsum tau txias lossis quenched nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv roj.
Qhov saum toj no yog qhov kev txiav tawm dav dav thiab kev npaj ntawm barium keeb. Cov txheej txheem no yuav txawv nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem kev siv thiab khoom siv, tab sis tag nrho cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem nyob li qub. Barium yog ib qho tseem ceeb siv cov hlau siv hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, suav nrog kev lag luam tshuaj, tshuaj, hluav taws xob thiab lwm thaj chaw.
8. Cov Qauv Qhia Cov Qauv rau Barium El
Qiayog ib qho kev ua ib txwm uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev siv scientific. Hauv kev ntsuas tshuaj chemister, cov hau kev rau kev tshawb xyuas barium feem ntau suav nrog kev tsom xam cov cai thiab kev ntsuas ntau. Cov lus qhia hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws rau cov kev siv tau siv rau Barium Element:
1. Flame atomation absumption- FAAS): Qhov no feem ntau siv kev tsom xam kom haum rau kev kuaj nrog ntau dua ntau dua. Cov qauv tshuaj yog txau mus rau hauv cov nplaim taws, thiab barium atoms nqus lub teeb ntawm ib qho yoj spavength. Qhov siv ntawm nqus lub teeb yog ntsuas thiab yog sib npaug rau cov concentration ntawm barium.
2. Flame atomic emission spectrometry (faes ntes tau barium los ntawm cov nplaim taws ua piv txwv, atoms barium atoms rau emit teeb ntawm lub yoj yoj tshwj xeeb. Piv nrog FAAS, FAES feem ntau siv los xyuas cov kev ua kom muaj qis ntawm barium.
3. A. Atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AAS): Cov qauv no zoo ib yam li FAAs, tab sis siv cov fluorescence spectrometer los ntes lub xub ntiag ntawm Barium. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas cov kab cim barium.
4. Ion chratography: Cov qauv no haum rau kev tsom xam ntawm barium hauv cov qauv dej. Barium ions muaj sib cais thiab kuaj pom los ntawm ion chromatography. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas cov kev xav ntawm barium hauv cov qauv dej.
5. Y-ayor fluorescence spectrometry (XRF): Qhov no yog qhov tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev kuaj xyuas txoj kev haum rau kev kuaj pom ntawm barium hauv cov qauv khoom. Tom qab cov qauv yog zoo siab los ntawm x-rays, barium atoms tshwj xeeb fluorescence, thiab cov ntsiab lus barium yog txiav txim los ntawm ntsuas kev siv fluorescence.
6. Pawg Loj Spectrometry: Pawg Spectrometry tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab los txiav txim siab ntawm isotopic muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm barium thiab txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm barium. Cov qauv no feem ntau yog siv rau kev tshawb xyuas high-rhiab heev thiab tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov ntau ntawm barium. Saum toj no yog qee txoj hauv kev siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav barium. Txoj kev tshwj xeeb los xaiv nyob ntawm qhov xwm ntawm cov qauv, cov cim ntawm cov barium, thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsom xam. Yog tias koj xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv lossis muaj lwm cov lus nug, thov qhia rau kuv paub. Cov hau kev no tau siv dav hauv kev kuaj thiab cov ntawv thov kev lag luam kom ntsuas tau kom raug thiab pom qhov muaj thiab concentration ntawm barium. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb los siv nyob ntawm hom qauv uas yuav tsum tau ntsuas, feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus barak, thiab lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsom xam.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Dec-09-2024