1, txhais ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nuclear
Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev pom dav, cov khoom siv rau cov ntaub ntawv dav dav rau cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam nuclear thiab muaj roj nuclear engineering, piv txwv li tsis muaj roj cov khoom siv.
Cov ntaub ntawv uas tau xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv nuclear tsuas yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv ntau qhov kev ua kom muaj reactor, tseem hu ua reactor cov ntaub ntawv. Reactor cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov roj nuclear uas undergar fission nyob rau hauv neuron moderters, moderator roj cov khoom siv, thiab cov khoom siv cais tawm uas tiv thaiv neutron to tawm ntawm reactor.
2, co txuam kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev siv lub ntiaj teb tsawg thiab cov peev txheej nuclear
Monazite, also called phosphocerite and phosphocerite, is a common accessory mineral in intermediate acid igneous rock and metamorphic rock. Monazite yog ib qho ntawm cov materals tseem ceeb ntawm tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb hlau ore, thiab tseem muaj nyob hauv qee lub pob zeb sedimentary. Brownish liab, daj, qee zaum brownish daj, nrog greasish daj, nrog greasish daj, ua tiav cleavage, mohs haravness ntawm 5-5,5, thiab kev sib zog ntawm 4.9-5.5.
Lub ntsiab ore cov ntxhia ntawm qee qhov chaw tso nyiaj hauv ntiaj teb hauv ntiaj teb no, Txawm li cas los xij, kev rho tawm ntawm placer hom tsawg ntawm cov kev pab hauv ntiaj teb tsawg feem ntau tsis muaj kev khwv nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb. Cov pob txha ib leeg feem ntau muaj reflexive thorium cov ntsiab lus thiab kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua lag luam plutonium.
3, Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev thov nyob rau hauv nuclear fusion thiab nuclear fission raws li kev tsom xam patentamic
Tom qab cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb nrhiav hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, lawv tau sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov kev nthuav dav thiab tshawb pom hauv Incopt database. Lub sijhawm tshawb fawb yog Lub Yim Hli 24, 2020. 4837 Patents tau txais tom qab kev sib koom tes yooj yim, thiab 4673 patents tau txiav txim siab tom qab cov suab nrov txo.
Tsis txhob muaj kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear tau muab faib rau hauv lub teb chaws PATT, thiab Asmeskas cov chaw nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov lej ntawm tebchaws Askiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov legentia 1).
Daim duab 1 Kev thov hloov cov cuab yeej siv cuam tshuam txog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg hauv cov fusion nuclear nuclear hauv cov teb chaws / thaj chaw
Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem uas daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws xob, nruab nrab kev nqus thiab lwm cov kev qhia ua haujlwm.
4, cov ntawv thov kev muaj npe tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntsiab lus muaj pulent ntawm cov khoom tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cov ntaub ntawv Nuclear
Ntawm lawv, nuclear fusion thiab nuclear fission cov kev tawm tsam hauv cov ntaub ntawv nuclear muaj kev mob siab, thiab cov cai kom ua nruj. Tam sim no, cov hwj huam referors feem ntau yog nuclear fissors reassors, thiab fusion reactors yuav nrov rau ntawm qhov loj me tom qab 50 xyoo. Daim ntawv thov ntawmTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebcov ntsiab hauv reactor cov ntaub ntawv; Hauv kev ua teb tshwj xeeb ntawm Nuclear cov tshuaj, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb tseem siv tau los tswj cov pas nrig; Ntxiv rau,scandiumKuj tau siv nyob rau hauv RadioChemistry thiab kev lag luam nuclear.
(1) Raws li cov tshuaj lom tau sib xyaw los yog tswj tus pas nrig los hloov kho qib neutron thiab tseem ceeb hauv lub xeev ntawm nuclear reactor
Hauv cov hwj huam tshuaj reactors, qhov pib seem refidual ntawm cov cores tshiab feem ntau kuj tseem ceeb. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub voj voog ntawm thawj lub voj voog ua ntej, thaum txhua lub roj nuclear hauv cov tub ntxhais yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Txij ntawm no, cia siab rau ntawm kev tswj ntau ntxiv los them nyiaj rau cov residual reactivity yuav qhia ntau dua tswj cov pas nrig. Txhua Tswj Qws (lossis Qws Pob Khoom) sib raug rau kev qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem tsav tsheb nyuaj. Ntawm ib sab tes, qhov no nce nqi, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, qhib qhov hauv lub taub hau siab tuaj yeem ua rau qhov txo qis hauv cov txheej txheem. Tsis tsuas yog nws tsis tu ncua, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau tso cai kom muaj qee qhov kev dav dav thiab cov teeb tsa lub zog ntawm lub siab ntsha taub hau. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj nce kev tswj hwm tus tswj hwm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum nce siab ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg them nyiaj (xws li boric acid) kom them nyiaj rau cov seem reactivity. Hauv qhov no, nws yooj yim rau lub boron ntau kom dhau qhov pib, thiab qhov ntsuas kub ntawm tus neeg tswj hwm yuav ua tau zoo.
Txhawm rau zam dhau cov teeb meem ua ntej, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov toxins sib xyaw, tswj cov pas nrig, thiab tshuaj tswj kev tswj hwm chemical feem ntau tuaj yeem siv los tswj.
(2) raws li dopant kom txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm reactor cov ntaub ntawv
Reactors yuav tsum muaj cov qauv sib xyaw thiab roj cov ntsiab lus kom muaj qee theem ntawm lub zog, thaum tseem tiv thaiv cov khoom fission los ntawm kev nkag mus txias.
1) .rare lub ntiaj teb steel
Lub nuclear reactor muaj kev siv lub cev hnyav thiab txhua feem ntawm tus reactor kuj muaj cov kev xav tau zoo rau cov steel tshwj xeeb. Lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua kom huv, metamorphism, microalloying, thiab txhim kho ntawm corrosion tsis kam. Lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov hlau kuj tseem siv dav hauv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob nuclear.
① Cov kev tshawb fawb uas twb muaj tshwm sim tau pom tias tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb muaj rau cov hlau ua kom zoo ntawm Molten hlau ntawm cov kub. Qhov no yog vim hais tias tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij xws li cov pa oxygen xws li cov roj oxygen thiab leej faj hauv molten steel los tsim kom muaj kev kub siab. Lub siab-cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ua rau precipitated thiab tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm inclusions ua ntej Molten Steel condenses, yog li txo lub tshuab los txawv hauv Molten hlau.
Aetamorphism: Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov neeg oxides, cov roj ntsha uas muaj kuab lom thiab tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov hlau thiab cov tub rog uas tsis tshua tau pom zoo Cov kev suav nrog no tuaj yeem siv los ua cov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm thaum lub zog ntawm Molten hlau, yog li txhim kho cov duab thiab qauv ntawm cov hlau.
③ Microalloying: Yog hais tias ntxiv ntxiv rau hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj zog, tshuav ntau lub ntiaj teb tom qab kev lim hwv saum toj no tom qab kev ua kom tiav saum toj no ua tiav. Txij li cov atomic vojvoog ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj loj dua li cov hlau atom, tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb muaj ntau dua cov haujlwm. Thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm Molten Steel, tsis tshua muaj zog txo cov kab ke ntawm cov nyom thiab ua rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm microalloying. Ntawm qhov tod tes, vim yog cov yam ntxwv hydrogen cia ntawm hydrogen hauv hlau, yog li txhim kho cov hydrogen trotomening ntawm cov hlau.
Txhim kho Corrosion Kuj: ntxiv rau ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj peev xwm kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho lub corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov hlau. Qhov no yog vim tias tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb muaj qhov muaj peev xwm ntau dua tus kheej muaj peev xwm ntau dua li cov hlau tsis siv. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj peev xwm nce tus kheej corrosion muaj peev xwm ntawm stainless hlau, yog li txhim kho qhov ruaj ntseg ntawm cov hlau hauv corrosive media.
2). Key Fament kawm
Key Patent: Tsim Tawm Patent Ntawm Oxide Dispersion Zog Siv Zog Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm Hlau Thiab Nws Txoj Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Hlau, Suav Academy Ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb
Axes daws teeb: Muab cov oxide olide olide steel haum rau qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv tsis sib haum xeeb hauv tag nrho cov feem pua ntawm cov feem pua ntawm cov feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv tsis sib haum. ≤ 0.3% ≤ Ta ≤ 0.2%, 0.1% ≤ 0.6%, thiab 0.05% ≤ 0.5%.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom: FE-CR-TA-TA-TA-MN-mN-mn niam asloy smelting, hmoov Atomization, siab-zog pob milling ntawm niam alloy thiabY2o3 nanoparticleSib xyaw hmoov, hmoov enveloping extraction, solidification molding, kub dov, thiab kev kho cua sov.
Tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb ntxiv txoj kev: ntxiv nanoscaleY2O3hais rau niam txiv almoy atomized hmoov rau high zog pob milling me ntsis ntawm (8-10): 1, lub pob milling nruab nrab ntawm (8-10 teev
3) .us ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv nruab nrab
① txoj ntsiab cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv neuton hluav taws xob
Neurons yog cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm atomic nuclei, nrog lub zoo li qub ntawm 1.675 × 10-27kg, uas yog 1838 zaug hauv hluav taws xob loj. Nws lub vojvoog yog kwv yees li 0.8 × 10-15m, zoo sib xws rau ib tug proton, zoo ib yam li ի me me yog sib npaug. Thaum neutrons sib cuam tshuam nrog teeb meem, lawv tsuas cuam tshuam nrog cov rog nuclear sab hauv lub nucleus, thiab tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub plhaub sab nraud.
Nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm nuclear lub zog thiab nuclear lub zog thev naus laus zis, ntau thiab ntau dua thiab ntau dua thiab ntau dua thiab ntau dua thiab ntau dua thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb nuclear thiab nuclear hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm uas tau koom nrog kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob thiab kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los tsim cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Neutron hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nuclear reactor hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, feem ntau ntawm cov neutrons hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha rau tib neeg cov tsiaj txhu tom qab cov qauv neuron ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog nuclear hauv lub reactor nuclear. Tsawg zog neutrons yuav sib tsoo nrog nuclei nrog qis dua atomic tus xov tooj elastically thiab txuas ntxiv yuav moderated. Cov kev txwv tsis pub thermal yuav nqus tau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm nruab nrab kev txiav txim siab hla, thiab thaum kawg Neuron BRielding yuav ua tiav.
② Kev Tshawb Fawb Pam Tuag
Cov ntxeem tau thiab cov organic-inorganic hybrid cov khoom ntawmTsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb caijgadoliniumRaws li cov khoom siv pob txha hlau uas muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke kom muaj cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw ua ke kom muaj cov ntsiab lus ntau dua gadolinium thiab gadolinium dispersion. Lub siab gadolinium cov ntsiab lus thiab kev faib tawm yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov kev tiv thaiv neivon kev tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw.
Tseem Ceeb FAT: Hefei Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tshawb Fawb, Suav Active ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, Kev Tshawb Fawb Patolinium raws li cov khoom lag luam organic raws li cov ntaub thaiv npog thiab nws txoj kev npaj
Abstract Abstract: Gadolinium Raws Hlau Orgelic Skeleton Composite Cov Khoom Siv Uas Tsim Los Ntawm Kev Sib TwgadoliniumRaws li cov khoom siv pob txha pob txha pob txha pob txha pob txha pob txha taub hau nrog polyethylene hauv qhov hnyav piv ntawm 2: 1: 10 thiab sib sau ua los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj evaporation lossis kub nias. Gadolinium raws cov organic tawm tswv yim muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv muaj siab thermal ruaj khov thiab thermal Neuron tiv thaiv lub peev xwm.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom: xaiv sib txawvGadolinium HlauCov ntsev thiab cov khoom siv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw hauv cov gadolinium raws li cov khoom siv roj teeb organic; Cov Gadolinium raws cov ocegetallic cov khoom npaj hauv kauj ruam yog stepred nrog ultra-siab molecular hnyav polyethylene ntawm qhov kub kom txog thaum muaj kev sib xyaw siab; Muab cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov khoom lag luam cov khoom siv hlau, thiab tau txais cov khoom siv kom yooj yim los ntawm kev ua kom qhuav cov kuab tshuaj lossis kub nias; Tus npaj Gadolinium raws li cov khoom siv hlau rog orgelic muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob tau muaj peev xwm piv rau cov khoom siv ntshiab polyethylene.
Lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj ntxiv hom: GD2 (H2O) 6, GD (BD (BD (BD) (H2O) (H2O) (H2O)GD (NO3) 3 • 6h2o lossis GDCL3 • 6h2othiab organic carboxylate nigand; Qhov loj me ntawm gadolinium raws li cov roj teeb organic muaj 50nm-2 μ m;
(4) daim ntawv thov ntawmScandiumHauv RadioChemistry thiab Kev Lag Luam Nuclear
Scandium Hlau muaj zoo thermal stability thiab fluorine nqus tau ua tiav, ua rau nws tsis muaj cov khoom siv tsis tau nyob hauv cov khoom siv atomic zog.
Keying Beijing lub koom haum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj, cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm rau cov ntaub ntawv zinc alloy thiab nws txoj kev npaj
AUTTOM ABTUCUCRUCRUCRUCRUCRUCRUCRUCRUCRY: Ib Aluminium ZincMagnesium Scandium Alloythiab nws txoj kev npaj. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kuab lom thiab cov ntsuas hnyav ntawm cov txhuas zinc magnesium 0.15%, thiab tus nqi seem yog al. Cov microstructure ntawm no Aluminium zinc magnesium scandium alloy cov khoom siv ntawm dhau 450mpa, thiab lub zog tensile ntawm ntau tshaj 370MPA rau welded pob qij txha. Cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem raug siv ua cov qauv txheej txheem hauv ib lub lag luam, kev lag luam nuclear, tsheb thauj mus los, riam phom thiab lwm daim teb.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom: Kauj Ruam 1, muaj cov khoom xyaw raws li cov xim sib xyaw saum toj no; Kauj ruam 2: yaj hauv smelting rauv ntawm qhov kub ntawm 700 ℃ ~ 780 ℃; Kauj Ruam 3: Ua kom pom cov kua hlau kiag li, thiab tswj cov kub li ntawm qhov kub li ntawm 700 ℃ ~ 750 ℃ thaum ua kom zoo; Kauj Ruam 4: Tom qab ua kom zoo dua, nws yuav tsum tau tso cai rau sawv ntsug; Kauj Ruam 5: Tom qab tag nrho sawv ntsug, pib ua kom sov, tswj cov cua sov sov li ntawm 690 ℃, thiab lub Casting ceev yog 15-200mm / Feeb; Kauj Ruam 6: Ua homogenization annealing kho rau ntawm alloy Ingot hauv cov cua sov hluav taws, nrog homogenization kub ntawm 400 ℃ ~ 470 ℃; Kauj ruam 7: Tev lub homogenized ingot thiab ua kub extrusion los tsim cov khoom siv phab ntsa tuab ntawm ntau dua 2.0 hli. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem extrusion, lub billet yuav tsum tau tswj hwm ntawm qhov kub ntawm 350 ℃ rau 410 ℃; Kauj Ruam 8: Nyem qhov profile rau kev daws kev kho mob quenching, nrog kev daws qhov kub ntawm 460-480 ℃; Kauj Ruam 9: Tom qab 72 teev ntawm cov kua hluav taws xob quenching, manually yuam kev laus. Phau ntawv kev siv zog ua haujlwm yog: 90 ~ 110 teev + 170 ~ 180 teev, lossis 90 teev + 145 ~ 155 teev.
5, Cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb
Ntawm tag nrho, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb yog dav siv nyob rau hauv nuclear fusion thiab muaj ntau yam duab dhos ua ntej, kev tsim muaj cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob, hloov cov tshuaj reactor, hloov chaw thiab oxide hmoov. Raws li rau reactor cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem siv ua reactor cov ntaub ntawv thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem cuam tshuam ceramic thiab neutron radiation tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Tsib-26-2023