Erbium, 68th element nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub rooj.
Lub discovery ntawmerbiumyog tag nrho ntawm twists thiab lem.Nyob rau hauv 1787, nyob rau hauv lub nroog me me ntawm Itby, 1.6 kilometers deb ntawm Stockholm, Sweden, ib tug tshiab tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb tau pom nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb dub, lub npe hu ua yttrium ntiaj teb raws li qhov chaw ntawm lub discovery.Tom qab Fabkis Revolution, chemist Mossander siv cov cuab yeej tshiab tsim los txo cov ntsiab lusyttriumlos ntawm yttrium ntiaj teb.Lub sijhawm no, tib neeg pom tau hais tias yttrium ntiaj teb tsis yog "ib feem" thiab pom ob qho oxides: lub paj liab hu uaerbium oxide hmoov, thiab lub teeb liab liab hu ua terbium oxide.Xyoo 1843, Mossander nrhiav pom erbium thiabterbium, tab sis nws tsis ntseeg tias ob yam khoom uas pom tau yog ntshiab thiab tejzaum nws tov nrog lwm yam khoom.Hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej no, tib neeg maj mam pom tias muaj ntau lub ntsiab sib xyaw hauv nws, thiab maj mam pom lwm cov hlau lanthanide ntxiv nrog rau erbium thiab terbium.
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm erbium tsis zoo li nws qhov kev tshawb pom.Txawm hais tias Maussand pom liab erbium oxide nyob rau hauv 1843, nws tsis yog txog 1934 uas cov qauv ntshiab ntawmerbium hlautau muab rho tawm vim kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv hauv txoj kev purification.Los ntawm cua sov thiab purifyingerbium tshuaj dawbthiab potassium, tib neeg tau ua tiav qhov txo qis ntawm erbium los ntawm cov hlau potassium.Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom ntawm erbium zoo ib yam li lwm cov hlau lanthanide, uas ua rau ze li 50 xyoo ntawm stagnation hauv kev tshawb fawb txog, xws li hlau nplaum, kev sib txhuam zog, thiab lub txim hluav taws xob.Txog xyoo 1959, nrog rau daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb 4f txheej hluav taws xob cov qauv ntawm erbium atoms hauv cov chaw kho qhov muag, erbium tau txais kev pom zoo thiab ntau daim ntawv thov ntawm erbium tau tsim.
Erbium, nyiaj dawb, muaj kev ntxhib los mos thiab tsuas pom muaj zog ferromagnetism zero kiag li.Nws yog superconductor thiab maj mam oxidized los ntawm huab cua thiab dej ntawm chav tsev kub.Erbium oxideyog xim liab liab feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam porcelain thiab yog ib qho zoo glaze.Erbium yog concentrated nyob rau hauv pob zeb volcanic thiab muaj cov pob zeb hauv av loj nyob rau sab qab teb Suav.
Erbium muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo tshaj plaws thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv infrared rau hauv qhov pom kev pom, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua infrared detectors thiab hmo ntuj pom kev.Nws kuj yog ib qho cuab yeej tshaj lij hauv kev tshawb nrhiav photon, muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv nqus cov photons los ntawm cov qib tshwj xeeb ion excitation hauv cov khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd kuaj thiab suav cov photons los tsim lub photon detector.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev nqus ncaj qha ntawm photons los ntawm trivalent erbium ions tsis siab.Nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo 1966 uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim erbium lasers los ntawm kev ntes cov teeb meem kho qhov muag los ntawm kev pabcuam ions thiab tom qab ntawd hloov lub zog rau erbium.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm erbium laser zoo ib yam li holmium laser, tab sis nws lub zog qis dua li ntawm holmium laser.Ib lub laser erbium nrog lub wavelength ntawm 2940 nanometers tuaj yeem siv los txiav cov nqaij mos.Txawm hais tias hom laser no nyob rau hauv nruab nrab cheeb tsam infrared muaj peev xwm nkag mus tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem nqus tau sai sai los ntawm cov dej noo hauv tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg, ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo nrog lub zog tsawg.Nws tuaj yeem raug txiav, zom, thiab tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg, ua kom lub qhov txhab zoo.Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv laser phais xws li qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, dawb cataract, kev zoo nkauj, caws pliav tshem tawm, thiab wrinkle tshem tawm.
Xyoo 1985, University of Southampton hauv UK thiab Northeastern University hauv Nyij Pooj tau ua tiav ib qho erbium-doped fiber amplifier.Tam sim no, Wuhan Optics Valley hauv Wuhan, Hubei Xeev, Tuam Tshoj muaj peev xwm ua nws tus kheej tsim cov erbium-doped fiber ntau amplifier thiab xa tawm mus rau North America, Europe, thiab lwm qhov chaw.Daim ntawv thov no yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws inventions nyob rau hauv fiber optic kev sib txuas lus, tsuav yog ib qho kev faib ua feem ntawm erbium yog doped, nws muaj peev xwm them rau qhov poob ntawm optical signals nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus systems.Lub amplifier tam sim no yog cov cuab yeej siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau, muaj peev xwm xa cov teeb liab kho qhov muag tsis muaj zog.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-16-2023