Tus naj npawb atomic ntawmthulium elementyog 69 thiab nws qhov hnyav atomic yog 168.93421.Cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust yog ob feem peb ntawm 100000, uas yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj ntsiab.Nws tsuas yog muaj nyob rau hauv silico beryllium yttrium ore, dub tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb kub ore, phosphorus yttrium ore, thiab monazite.Qhov loj feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv monazite feem ntau nce mus txog 50%, nrog cov nyiaj thulium rau 0.007%.Lub ntuj ruaj khov isotope tsuas yog thulium 169. Dav siv nyob rau hauv high-siv zog tsim lub teeb qhov chaw, lasers, high-temperature superconductors, thiab lwm yam teb.
Nrhiav keeb kwm
Tshawb nrhiav los ntawm: PT Cleve
Tshawb nrhiav hauv 1878
Tom qab Mossander cais erbium ntiaj teb thiab terbium ntiaj teb los ntawm yttrium ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv 1842, ntau chemists siv spectral tsom xam thiab txiav txim tias lawv tsis yog ntshiab oxides ntawm ib lub caij, uas txhawb chemists mus txuas ntxiv cais lawv.Tom qab sib caisytterbium oxidethiabscandium oxide hmoovLos ntawm oxidized bait, Cliff tau cais ob lub ntsiab lus oxides tshiab hauv xyoo 1879. Ib tug ntawm lawv tau hu ua thulium los ua kev nco txog Cliff lub tebchaws nyob hauv Scandinavian Peninsula (Thulia), nrog lub cim cim Tu thiab tam sim no Tm.Nrog rau kev tshawb pom ntawm thulium thiab lwm yam tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb, lwm qhov ib nrab ntawm theem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev tshawb pom tau tiav lawm.
Electron configuration
Electron configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f13
Thuliumyog ib qho nyiaj dawb hlau nrog ductility thiab tuaj yeem txiav qhib nrog rab riam vim nws qhov kev ntxhib los mos;Melting point 1545 ° C, boiling point 1947 ° C, ceev 9.3208.
Thulium yog qhov ruaj khov hauv huab cua;Thulium oxideyog lub teeb ntsuab siv lead ua.Ntsev (divalent ntsev) oxides yog tag nrho lub teeb ntsuab xim.
Daim ntawv thov
Txawm hais tias thulium yog qhov tsawg heev thiab kim, nws tseem muaj qee qhov kev siv hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb.
High intensity discharge light source
Thulium feem ntau tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm high-purity halides (feem ntau yog thulium bromide), nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv cov spectrum ntawm thulium.
Laser
Peb doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Ho: Cr: Tm: YAG) solid-state mem tes laser tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev siv thulium ion, chromium ion, thiab holmium ion hauv yttrium aluminium garnet, uas tuaj yeem tawm lub wavelength ntawm 2097 nm;Nws yog dav siv hauv kev ua tub rog, kev kho mob, thiab huab cua.Lub wavelength ntawm lub laser tawm los ntawm thulium doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Tm: YAG) solid-state mem tes laser ranges ntawm 1930 nm txog 2040 nm.Ablation ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg zoo heev, vim nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob txhaws ntawm qhov tob hauv huab cua thiab dej.Qhov no ua rau thulium lasers muaj peev xwm zoo rau daim ntawv thov hauv kev phais laser yooj yim.Thulium laser yog zoo heev nyob rau hauv ablating cov ntaub so ntswg nto vim nws tsis tshua muaj zog thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub zog, thiab muaj peev xwm coagulate yam tsis ua mob tob.Qhov no ua rau thulium lasers muaj peev xwm zoo rau daim ntawv thov hauv kev phais laser
Thulium doped laser
X-ray qhov chaw
Txawm hais tias tus nqi siab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xoo hluav taws xob uas muaj thulium tau pib siv dav hauv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear.Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob no muaj lub neej ntev li ib xyoos thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cuab yeej kho mob thiab kho hniav, nrog rau cov cuab yeej kuaj xyuas qhov tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob uas nyuaj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.Cov chaw hluav taws xob no tsis xav tau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb - tsuas yog yuav tsum muaj cov hlau lead me me xwb.Daim ntawv thov ntawm thulium 170 raws li qhov chaw hluav taws xob rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav nyob ze tau nce zuj zus.Qhov no isotope muaj ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 128.6 hnub thiab tsib emission kab ntawm kev siv ntau heev (7.4, 51.354, 52.389, 59.4, thiab 84.253 kiloelectron volts).Thulium 170 kuj yog ib qho ntawm plaub feem ntau siv hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob.
High kub superconducting cov ntaub ntawv
Zoo ib yam li yttrium, thulium kuj tseem siv nyob rau hauv high-temperature superconductors.Thulium muaj peev xwm siv tus nqi hauv ferrite ua cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ceramic siv hauv cov khoom siv microwave.Vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb spectrum, thulium tuaj yeem siv rau arc teeb pom kev zoo li scandium, thiab lub teeb ntsuab tawm los ntawm arc teeb siv thulium yuav tsis raug them los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm lwm cov khoom.Vim nws lub peev xwm los tawm cov xim xiav fluorescence nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet, thulium kuj tseem siv los ua ib qho ntawm cov cim tiv thaiv cuav hauv cov ntawv nyiaj euro.Lub xiav fluorescence emitted los ntawm calcium sulfate ntxiv nrog thulium yog siv nyob rau hauv tus kheej dosimetry rau hluav taws xob koob tshuaj kom paub.
Lwm daim ntawv thov
Vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb spectrum, thulium tuaj yeem siv rau hauv arc teeb pom kev zoo li scandium, thiab lub teeb ntsuab tawm los ntawm arc teeb uas muaj thulium yuav tsis raug them los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm lwm cov khoom.
Thulium emits xiav fluorescence nyob rau hauv ultraviolet hluav taws xob, ua rau nws yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tiv thaiv cuav hauv euro banknotes.
Euro nyob rau hauv UV irradiation, nrog ntshiab anti-counterfeiting cim pom
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-25-2023