Cov qauv papillary ntawm tib neeg cov ntiv tes tseem nyob twj ywm tsis hloov pauv hauv lawv cov qauv topological txij thaum yug los, muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus, thiab cov qauv papillary ntawm txhua tus ntiv tes ntawm tib tus neeg kuj txawv.Papilla qauv ntawm tus ntiv tes yog ridged thiab faib nrog ntau hws pores.Tib neeg lub cev tsis tu ncua secretes dej-raws li tshuaj xws li hws thiab oily yam xws li roj.Cov tshuaj no yuav hloov thiab tso rau ntawm qhov khoom thaum lawv tuaj yeem sib cuag, tsim kev xav ntawm cov khoom.Nws yog qhov tseeb vim yog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm tes, xws li lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub neej, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov cim kov uas cov ntiv tes tau dhau los ua lub cim lees paub ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua txhaum cai thiab kev lees paub tus kheej txij li thawj zaug siv cov ntiv tes rau kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej. nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19.
Ntawm qhov chaw ua txhaum cai, tshwj tsis yog rau peb-dimensional thiab tiaj tus ntiv tes xim, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntiv tes yog qhov siab tshaj plaws.Tej zaum cov ntiv tes feem ntau xav tau kev ua kom pom los ntawm kev siv lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg.Cov txheej txheem kev tsim cov ntiv tes uas muaj peev xwm feem ntau suav nrog kev txhim kho kho qhov muag, kev txhim kho hmoov, thiab kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg.Ntawm lawv, kev txhim kho hmoov yog nyiam los ntawm cov hauv paus hauv paus vim nws txoj haujlwm yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis.Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev txwv ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce raws li tus ntiv tes tso tawm tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kev ua txhaum cai, xws li cov xim sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw ua txhaum cai, thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntiv tes thiab cov xim tom qab;Qhov loj, zoo, viscosity, muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hmoov hmoov muaj feem xyuam rau qhov rhiab heev ntawm cov hmoov zoo;Kev xaiv ntawm cov hmoov nplej yog cov tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev txhim kho adsorption ntawm cov khoom ntub dej ntawm cov hmoov, uas txo cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov hmoov nplej.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov neeg ua txhaum kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau txuas ntxiv tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem sib txuas, ntawm cov uastsawg ntiaj tebluminescent cov ntaub ntawv tau nyiam cov neeg ua txhaum kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis vim lawv cov khoom siv luminescent tshwj xeeb, qhov sib txawv siab, siab rhiab heev, kev xaiv siab, thiab tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm cov ntiv tes tso saib.Qhov maj mam puv 4f orbitals ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus muab rau lawv nrog cov nplua nuj zog ntau ntau, thiab 5s thiab 5P txheej electron orbitals ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus tau puv tag.4f txheej electrons yog shielded, muab 4f txheej electrons ib tug tshwj xeeb hom ntawm kev txav.Yog li ntawd, lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus nthuav tawm zoo heev photostability thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov yam tsis muaj photobleaching, kov yeej cov kev txwv ntawm feem ntau siv organic dyes.Ntxiv rau,tsawg ntiaj tebcov ntsiab lus tseem muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj thiab sib nqus piv rau lwm cov khoom.Qhov tshwj xeeb optical zog ntawmtsawg ntiaj tebions, xws li lub neej ntev fluorescence, ntau qhov nqaim nqaim thiab emission bands, thiab lub zog loj nqus thiab emission gaps, tau nyiam thoob plaws hauv kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntiv tes tso saib.
Ntawm ntau heevtsawg ntiaj tebcov ntsiab lus,europiumyog cov khoom siv luminescent feem ntau siv.Demarcay, tus discoverer ntawmeuropiumXyoo 1900, thawj zaug piav qhia cov kab ntse hauv qhov nqus spectrum ntawm Eu3+ hauv kev daws.Xyoo 1909, Nroog tau piav qhia txog cathodoluminescence ntawmgd2o3 ua: Eu3+.Xyoo 1920, Prandtl thawj zaug luam tawm qhov nqus spectra ntawm Eu3+, lees paub De Mare qhov kev soj ntsuam.Kev nqus spectrum ntawm Eu3+ yog pom hauv daim duab 1. Eu3+ feem ntau yog nyob rau ntawm C2 orbital los pab txhawb kev hloov ntawm electrons los ntawm 5D0 mus rau 7F2 qib, yog li tso cov fluorescence liab.Eu3 + tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm av hauv lub xeev electrons mus rau qhov qis tshaj plaws hauv lub xeev lub zog qib hauv qhov pom lub teeb wavelength.Nyob rau hauv excitation ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb, Eu3 + nthuav tawm muaj zog liab photoluminescence.Hom photoluminescence no tsis yog tsuas yog siv tau rau Eu3 + ions doped hauv crystal substrates los yog iav, tab sis kuj rau complexes synthesized nrogeuropiumthiab organic ligands.Cov ligands no tuaj yeem ua tus kav hlau txais xov kom nqus tau cov luminescence thiab hloov lub zog excitation mus rau qib siab zog ntawm Eu3 + ions.Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj daim ntawv thov ntawmeuropiumyog cov hmoov fluorescent liaby2o3 ua: Eu3+ (YOX) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb fluorescent.Lub teeb liab excitation ntawm Eu3 + tuaj yeem ua tiav tsis yog los ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb, tab sis kuj los ntawm electron beam (cathodoluminescence), X-ray γ Radiation α los yog β Particle, electroluminescence, kev sib txhuam los yog txhua yam luminescence, thiab chemiluminescence txoj kev.Vim nws nplua nuj luminescent zog, nws yog ib tug dav siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm biomedical los yog biological sciences.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nws kuj tau txhawb kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua txhaum cai lij choj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis hauv kev tshawb fawb forensic, muab kev xaiv zoo los ua txhaum ntawm cov kev txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem hmoov rau kev pom cov ntiv tes, thiab muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho qhov sib txawv, rhiab heev, thiab kev xaiv ntawm cov ntiv tes tso saib.
Daim duab 1 Eu3 + Absorption Spectrogram
1, Luminescence txoj cai ntawmrare ntiaj teb europiumcomplexes
Lub hauv paus xeev thiab zoo siab lub xeev hluav taws xob configurations ntawmeuropiumions yog ob hom 4fn.Vim muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev ntawm s thiab d orbitals nyob ib ncig ntawmeuropiumions ntawm 4f orbitals, ff kev hloov ntawmeuropiumions nthuav tawm cov kab ntse ntse thiab cov fluorescence ntev lub neej.Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov tsis tshua muaj photoluminescence efficiency ntawm europium ions nyob rau hauv lub ultraviolet thiab pom lub teeb cheeb tsam, organic ligands yog siv los tsim complexes nrog rau cov organic ligands.europiumions los txhim kho qhov nqus coefficient ntawm ultraviolet thiab pom lub teeb pom kev.Cov fluorescence emitted los ntawmeuropiumCov complexes tsis tsuas yog muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm kev siv cov fluorescence siab thiab siab fluorescence purity, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev siv lub siab nqus efficiency ntawm cov organic tebchaw hauv cheeb tsam ultraviolet thiab pom lub teeb.Lub zog excitation xav tau raueuropiumion photoluminescence yog siab Qhov tsis muaj fluorescence efficiency tsawg.Muaj ob lub ntsiab luminescence ntawmrare ntiaj teb europiumcomplexes: ib tug yog photoluminescence, uas yuav tsum tau lub ligand ntawmeuropiumcomplexes;Lwm qhov yog tias cov nyhuv kav hlau txais xov tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov rhiab heev ntawmeuropiumion luminescence.
Tom qab zoo siab los ntawm sab nraud ultraviolet los yog pom lub teeb, cov organic ligand nyob rau hauv lubtsawg ntiaj tebtxoj kev hloov pauv los ntawm lub xeev hauv av S0 mus rau qhov zoo siab singlet xeev S1.Lub xeev zoo siab electrons tsis ruaj khov thiab rov qab mus rau hauv av xeev S0 los ntawm hluav taws xob, tso lub zog rau lub ligand kom emit fluorescence, los yog intermittently dhia mus rau nws triple zoo siab lub xeev T1 los yog T2 los ntawm tsis radiative txhais tau tias;Triple zoo siab lub xeev tso tawm lub zog los ntawm hluav taws xob los tsim ligand phosphorescence, los yog hloov lub zog rauhlau europiumions los ntawm tsis muaj hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob intramolecular;Tom qab zoo siab, europium ions hloov ntawm lub xeev hauv av mus rau lub xeev zoo siab, thiabeuropiumions nyob rau hauv lub xeev zoo siab hloov mus rau theem qis zog, thaum kawg rov qab mus rau hauv av, tso tawm lub zog thiab tsim fluorescence.Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev qhia tsim nyog cov organic ligands cuam tshuam nrogtsawg ntiaj tebions thiab sensitize central hlau ions los ntawm cov tsis radiative zog hloov nyob rau hauv molecules, fluorescence nyhuv ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj ions yuav ua tau zoo heev thiab qhov yuav tsum tau rau sab nraud excitation zog yuav txo tau.Qhov tshwm sim no yog hu ua tus kav hlau txais xov ntawm ligands.Lub zog theem daim duab ntawm lub zog hloov hauv Eu3 + complexes yog qhia hauv daim duab 2.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub zog hloov los ntawm triplet zoo siab xeev mus rau Eu3 +, lub zog theem ntawm ligand triplet zoo siab lub xeev yuav tsum tau siab tshaj los yog raws li lub zog theem ntawm lub Eu3 + excited xeev.Tab sis thaum lub zog triplet theem ntawm ligand ntau dua li qhov qis tshaj plaws lub zog zoo siab ntawm Eu3+, lub zog hloov hluav taws xob kuj yuav txo qis heev.Thaum qhov sib txawv ntawm lub xeev triplet ntawm ligand thiab lub xeev qis tshaj plaws ntawm Eu3 + yog me me, qhov kev siv fluorescence yuav tsis muaj zog vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thermal deactivation tus nqi ntawm triplet xeev ntawm ligand.β-Diketone complexes muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov muaj zog UV nqus coefficient, muaj peev xwm sib koom ua ke, muaj zog hloov pauv nrogtsawg ntiaj tebs, thiab tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua kua, ua rau lawv yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv ligands hauvtsawg ntiaj tebcomplexes.
Daim duab 2 Lub zog qib daim duab ntawm lub zog hloov hauv Eu3 + complex
2.Synthesis Method ntawmTsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb Europiumcomplexes
2.1 High kub solid-state synthesis method
Txoj kev kub-kub solid-state txoj kev yog ib txoj kev uas feem ntau siv rau kev npajtsawg ntiaj tebluminescent cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws kuj yog lug siv nyob rau hauv industrial ntau lawm.Cov txheej txheem high-temperature solid-state synthesis method yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov teeb meem sib cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias (800-1500 ℃) los tsim cov tebchaw tshiab los ntawm diffusing lossis thauj khoom atoms lossis ions.Cov txheej txheem high-temperature solid-phase yog siv los npajtsawg ntiaj tebcomplexes.Ua ntej, cov reactants yog tov nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam kev faib ua feem, thiab ib tug tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm flux yog ntxiv rau ib tug mortar rau kev sib tsoo kom meej sib tov.Tom qab ntawd, cov av reactants tau muab tso rau hauv qhov cub kub kub rau calcination.Thaum lub sij hawm calcination txheej txheem, oxidation, txo, lossis inert gases tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov txheej txheem sim.Tom qab kub-kub calcination, ib tug matrix nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb siv lead ua qauv yog tsim, thiab cov activator tsawg lub ntiaj teb ions tau ntxiv rau nws los ua ib tug luminescent chaw.Lub calcined complex yuav tsum tau ua kom txias, yaug, ziab, rov sib tsoo, calcination, thiab tshuaj ntsuam ntawm chav tsev kub kom tau txais cov khoom.Feem ntau, ntau txoj kev sib tsoo thiab calcination yuav tsum tau ua.Ntau qhov sib tsoo tuaj yeem ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrawm thiab ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tiav.Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov txheej txheem sib tsoo nce qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm cov reactants, zoo heev txhim kho qhov diffusion thiab kev thauj mus los ceev ntawm ions thiab molecules nyob rau hauv cov reactants, yog li txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv efficiency.Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm sib txawv calcination thiab qhov kub thiab txias yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov qauv siv lead ua matrix tsim.
Cov txheej txheem high-temperature solid-state muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, tus nqi qis, thiab siv sijhawm luv luv, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm npaj cov cuab yeej technology.Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab drawbacks ntawm high-temperature solid-state txoj kev yog: ua ntej, qhov yuav tsum tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub yog siab dhau heev lawm, uas yuav tsum tau cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej siab, siv lub zog siab, thiab yog ib qho nyuaj rau tswj cov siv lead ua morphology.Cov khoom morphology tsis sib npaug, thiab txawm ua rau lub xeev siv lead ua puas, cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm luminescence.Qhov thib ob, kev sib tsoo tsis txaus ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov reactants sib tov sib npaug, thiab cov khoom siv lead ua kuj loj heev.Vim yog phau ntawv los yog kev sib tsoo tshuab, impurities yog inevitably tov los cuam tshuam lub luminescence, uas ua rau cov khoom purity tsawg.Qhov thib peb qhov teeb meem yog daim ntawv thov txheej tsis sib npaug thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem thov.Lai et al.synthesized ib series ntawm Sr5 (PO4) 3Cl ib-theem polychromatic fluorescent hmoov doped nrog Eu3 + thiab Tb3 + siv cov tsoos high-temperature solid-state txoj kev.Nyob rau hauv ze-ultraviolet excitation, cov hmoov fluorescent tuaj yeem kho cov xim luminescence ntawm phosphor los ntawm thaj av xiav mus rau thaj tsam ntsuab raws li doping concentration, txhim kho qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov xim rendering Performance index qis thiab siab ntsig txog xim kub hauv cov xim dawb-emitting diodes. .Kev siv hluav taws xob siab yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas ntawm borophosphate raws li fluorescent hmoov los ntawm high-temperature solid-state method.Tam sim no, ntau thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau cog lus los tsim thiab tshawb nrhiav cov matrices uas tsim nyog los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob siab ntawm high-temperature solid-state method.Hauv 2015, Hasegawa et al.ua tiav qhov kev npaj qis-kub-lub xeev ntawm Li2NaBP2O8 (LNBP) theem siv P1 qhov chaw pab pawg ntawm triclinic system thawj zaug.Xyoo 2020, Zhu et al.tau tshaj tawm txoj hauv kev uas tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub xeev synthesis rau ib qho tshiab Li2NaBP2O8: Eu3+ (LNBP: Eu) phosphor, tshawb txog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob qis rau cov phosphoric inorganic.
2.2 Cov txheej txheem nag lossis daus
Txoj kev nag lossis daus kuj yog ib qho kev siv "mos tshuaj" synthesis txoj kev npaj cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb luminescent.Cov txheej txheem nag lossis daus yog ntxiv cov dej nag rau cov reactant, uas reacts nrog cations nyob rau hauv txhua reactant los ua ib tug precipitate los yog hydrolyzes reactant nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob rau tsim oxides, hydroxides, insoluble ntsev, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom lub hom phiaj yog tau los ntawm pom, ntxuav, ziab, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem.Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem nag lossis daus yog kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, siv sijhawm luv luv, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab cov khoom lag luam siab.Nws qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias nws cov khoom me me tuaj yeem tsim cov nanocrystals ncaj qha.Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev nag lossis daus yog: ua ntej, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tau tshwm sim hnyav, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm luminescent ntawm cov khoom siv fluorescent;Qhov thib ob, cov duab ntawm cov khoom tsis meej thiab nyuaj rau kev tswj;Thib peb, muaj qee qhov kev xav tau rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw, thiab cov nag lossis daus ntawm txhua qhov reactant yuav tsum zoo ib yam lossis zoo ib yam li qhov ua tau, uas tsis haum rau kev siv ntau yam khoom siv.K. Petcharoen et al.synthesized spherical magnetite nanoparticles siv ammonium hydroxide raws li ib tug precipitant thiab tshuaj co los nag txoj kev.Acetic acid thiab oleic acid tau qhia ua cov txheej txheem txheej thaum lub sijhawm pib crystallization, thiab qhov loj ntawm magnetite nanoparticles tau tswj nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1-40nm los ntawm kev hloov qhov kub.Qhov zoo dispersed magnetite nanoparticles nyob rau hauv aqueous tov tau los ntawm kev hloov kho deg, kev txhim kho agglomeration phenomenon ntawm hais nyob rau hauv txoj kev co nag lossis daus.Kee et al.piv cov teebmeem ntawm hydrothermal method thiab co nag lossis daus txheej txheem ntawm cov duab, qauv, thiab particle loj ntawm Eu-CSH.Lawv tau taw qhia tias txoj kev hydrothermal tsim cov nanoparticles, thaum co nag lossis daus txoj kev tsim cov submicron prismatic hais.Piv nrog rau txoj kev nag lossis daus, txoj kev hydrothermal nthuav tawm ntau dua crystallinity thiab zoo dua photoluminescence siv hauv kev npaj Eu-CSH hmoov.JK Han et al.tau tsim ib txoj kev los nag lossis daus tshiab uas siv cov kuab tshuaj uas tsis yog aqueous N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) los npaj (Ba1-xSrx) 2SiO4: Eu2 phosphors nrog nqaim me me faib thiab siab quantum efficiency ze spherical nano los yog submicron loj hais.DMF tuaj yeem txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization thiab txo qis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm nag lossis daus, pab tiv thaiv particle aggregation.
2.3 Hydrothermal/solvent thermal synthesis method
Txoj kev hydrothermal pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-19th caug xyoo thaum geologists simulated natural mineralization.Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, txoj kev xav maj mam matured thiab tam sim no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cog lus chemistry txoj kev.Hydrothermal method yog txheej txheem uas cov dej vapor lossis aqueous tov yog siv los ua qhov nruab nrab (los thauj ions thiab molecular pawg thiab hloov siab) kom ncav cuag lub xeev subcritical lossis supercritical nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias qhov chaw kaw (qhov qub muaj qhov kub ntawm 100-240 ℃, thaum tom kawg muaj qhov kub txog li 1000 ℃), ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw, thiab nyob rau hauv cov convection muaj zog, ions thiab molecular pawg diffuse rau qis kub rau recrystallization.Qhov kub, pH tus nqi, lub sij hawm tshuaj tiv thaiv, concentration, thiab hom precursor thaum lub sij hawm hydrolysis muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi, crystal tsos, zoo, qauv, thiab kev loj hlob tus nqi mus rau txawv degrees.Kev nce hauv qhov kub thiab txias tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov khoom siv raw, tab sis kuj ua rau kev sib tsoo zoo ntawm cov molecules los txhawb kev tsim cov khoom siv lead ua.Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm txhua lub dav hlau siv lead ua hauv pH muaju yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau theem siv lead ua, qhov loj me, thiab morphology.Lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob siv lead ua, thiab lub sijhawm ntev dua, qhov zoo dua rau kev loj hlob siv lead ua.
Qhov zoo ntawm hydrothermal txoj kev yog manifested nyob rau hauv: firstly, siab siv lead ua purity, tsis impurity muaj kuab paug, nqaim particle loj tis, siab yield, thiab ntau yam khoom morphology;Qhov thib ob yog tias cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yooj yim, tus nqi qis, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg.Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab mus rau qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tej yam kev mob yog yooj yim los tswj.Daim ntawv thov ntau yog dav thiab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev npaj ntawm ntau hom ntaub ntawv;Thib peb, lub siab ntawm ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug tsawg thiab nws yog tus phooj ywg zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.Nws lub ntsiab drawbacks yog qhov precursor ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig pH, kub, thiab lub sij hawm, thiab cov khoom muaj ib tug tsawg oxygen cov ntsiab lus.
Txoj kev solvothermal siv cov kuab tshuaj organic raws li qhov nruab nrab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ntxiv nthuav qhov kev siv ntawm hydrothermal txoj kev.Vim qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov kuab tshuaj organic thiab dej, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanism yog qhov nyuaj, thiab cov tsos, qauv, thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom muaj ntau haiv neeg.Nallappan et al.synthesized MoOx crystals nrog txawv morphologies los ntawm daim ntawv mus rau nanorod los ntawm kev tswj lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hydrothermal txoj kev siv sodium dialkyl sulfate ua tus siv lead ua directing neeg sawv cev.Dianwen Hu et al.synthesized composite cov ntaub ntawv raws li polyoxymolybdenum cobalt (CoPMA) thiab UiO-67 los yog muaj bipyridyl pawg (UiO-bpy) siv solvothermal txoj kev los ntawm optimizing synthesis tej yam kev mob.
2.4 Sol gel txoj kev
Sol gel txoj kev yog ib txwm siv tshuaj los npaj cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, uas yog siv dav hauv kev npaj cov hlau nanomaterials.Xyoo 1846, Elbelmen thawj zaug siv cov qauv no los npaj SiO2, tab sis nws siv tseem tsis tau paub tab.Txoj kev npaj yog tsuas yog ntxiv rau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj ion activator hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug kom cov kuab tshuaj volatilize ua gel, thiab cov gel npaj tau txais cov khoom lag luam tom qab kev kho kub.Cov phosphor tsim los ntawm sol gel txoj kev muaj morphology zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv, thiab cov khoom muaj me me me me particle loj, tab sis nws luminosity yuav tsum tau txhim kho.Cov txheej txheem kev npaj ntawm sol-gel txoj kev yog yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub yog tsawg, thiab kev nyab xeeb kev ua tau zoo yog siab, tab sis lub sij hawm ntev, thiab tus nqi ntawm txhua txoj kev kho yog txwv.Gaponenko et al.npaj amorphous BaTiO3 / SiO2 multilayer qauv los ntawm centrifugation thiab kev kho cua sov sol-gel txoj kev nrog zoo transmissivity thiab refractive index, thiab taw qhia hais tias lub refractive Performance index ntawm BaTiO3 zaj duab xis yuav nce nrog qhov nce ntawm sol concentration.Nyob rau xyoo 2007, Liu L pawg tshawb fawb tau ua tiav cov fluorescent thiab lub teeb ruaj khov Eu3 + hlau ion / sensitizer complex hauv silica raws li nanocomposites thiab doped qhuav gel siv txoj kev sol gel.Hauv ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov rhiab heev hauv ntiaj teb thiab silica nanoporous templates, kev siv 1,10-phenanthroline (OP) sensitizer nyob rau hauv tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) template muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws fluorescence doped qhuav gel los kuaj cov spectral zog ntawm Eu3+.
2.5 Microwave synthesis txoj kev
Microwave synthesis method yog ib txoj kev tshiab ntsuab thiab tsis muaj kuab paug tshuaj synthesis piv rau high-temperature solid-state method, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv synthesis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm nanomaterial synthesis, uas qhia tau hais tias kev loj hlob zoo momentum.Microwave yog electromagnetic yoj nrog lub wavelength ntawm 1nn thiab 1m.Microwave txoj kev yog cov txheej txheem uas microscopic hais nyob rau hauv cov khoom pib undergo polarization nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm sab nraud electromagnetic teb zog.Raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub microwave hluav taws xob teb hloov, cov lus tsa suab thiab kev npaj ntawm dipoles hloov tsis tu ncua.Cov lus teb hysteresis ntawm dipoles, nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm lawv tus kheej thermal zog yam tsis xav tau kev sib tsoo, kev sib txhuam, thiab dielectric poob ntawm atoms thiab molecules, ua tiav cov cua sov.Vim qhov tseeb tias microwave cua sov tuaj yeem ua kom sov tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ua lub zog sai, yog li txhawb kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic, piv rau cov txheej txheem kev npaj ib txwm muaj, microwave synthesis txoj kev muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev ceev, kev nyab xeeb ntsuab, me me thiab zoo ib yam. khoom particle loj, thiab theem siab purity.Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm tam sim no siv microwave absorbers xws li carbon hmoov, Fe3O4, thiab MnO2 rau indirectly muab cua sov rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.Cov khoom uas yooj yim nqus los ntawm microwaves thiab tuaj yeem qhib cov reactants lawv tus kheej xav tau kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv.Liu et al.ua ke cov txheej txheem nag lossis daus nrog rau txoj kev microwave los ua kom cov ntshiab spinel LiMn2O4 nrog ntxeem tau morphology thiab cov khoom zoo.
2.6 Txoj kev combustion
Cov txheej txheem combustion yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem cua sov ib txwm siv, uas siv cov organic teeb meem combustion los tsim cov khoom lag luam tom qab cov tshuaj evaporated kom qhuav.Cov roj uas tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov organic teeb meem tuaj yeem txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm agglomeration.Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem cua sov hauv lub xeev, nws txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thiab tsim nyog rau cov khoom uas tsis tshua muaj kev kub ntxhov.Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov organic tebchaw, uas ua rau tus nqi nce ntxiv.Txoj kev no muaj lub peev xwm ua haujlwm me me thiab tsis haum rau kev tsim khoom lag luam.Cov khoom tsim los ntawm txoj kev combustion muaj qhov me me thiab cov khoom me me, tab sis vim cov txheej txheem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv luv luv, tej zaum yuav muaj cov crystals tsis tiav, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm luminescence ntawm cov muaju.Anning et al.siv La2O3, B2O3, thiab Mg ua cov ntaub ntawv pib thiab siv ntsev pab combustion synthesis los tsim LaB6 hmoov nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv.
3. Daim ntawv thov ntawmrare ntiaj teb europiumcomplexes nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntiv tes
Powder zaub txoj kev yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau classic thiab tsoos ntiv tes tso saib txoj kev.Tam sim no, cov hmoov uas pom cov ntiv tes tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: cov hmoov nplej, xws li cov hmoov sib nqus uas muaj cov hmoov hlau zoo thiab cov hmoov carbon;Cov hmoov hlau, xws li hmoov kub,hmoov hmoov, thiab lwm yam hlau hmoov nrog ib tug network qauv;Fluorescent hmoov.Txawm li cas los xij, cov hmoov nplej feem ntau muaj teeb meem loj hauv kev nthuav tawm cov ntiv tes lossis cov ntiv tes qub ntawm cov khoom siv tom qab, thiab muaj qee yam tshuaj lom rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg siv.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov neeg ua txhaum kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau txhawb nqa kev siv cov ntaub ntawv nano fluorescent rau cov ntiv tes.Vim qhov tshwj xeeb luminescent zog ntawm Eu3 + thiab daim ntawv thov dav ntawmtsawg ntiaj tebtshuaj,rare ntiaj teb europiumcomplexes tsis tau tsuas yog los ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb hotspot nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm forensic science, tab sis kuj muab kev tshawb fawb tswv yim dav rau cov ntiv tes tso saib.Txawm li cas los xij, Eu3+ hauv cov kua lossis cov khib nyiab muaj qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub teeb thiab yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog ligands kom hnov qab thiab tawm lub teeb, ua rau Eu3+ kom muaj zog thiab muaj zog fluorescence ntau dua.Tam sim no, feem ntau siv ligands feem ntau suav nrog β-Diketones, carboxylic acids thiab carboxylate ntsev, organic polymers, supramolecular macrocycles, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tob thiab kev siv ntawmrare ntiaj teb europiumcomplexes, nws tau pom tias nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntub, kev co ntawm kev sib koom tes H2O molecules hauveuropiumcomplexes tuaj yeem ua rau luminescence quenching.Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau ua kom tau txais kev xaiv zoo dua thiab muaj zog sib piv hauv cov ntiv tes tso saib, yuav tsum tau siv zog los kawm txog kev txhim kho thermal thiab mechanical stability.europiumcomplexes.
Xyoo 2007, Liu L pawg tshawb fawb yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev qhiaeuropiumcomplexes rau hauv daim teb ntawm cov ntiv tes tso saib thawj zaug hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.Cov fluorescent thiab lub teeb ruaj khov heev Eu3 + hlau ion / sensitizer complexes ntes los ntawm sol gel txoj kev tuaj yeem siv rau kev tshawb pom tus ntiv tes ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv pov thawj, suav nrog cov ntawv nyiaj kub, iav, yas, ntawv xim thiab nplooj ntsuab.Kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau qhia txog cov txheej txheem npaj, UV / Vis spectra, fluorescence yam ntxwv, thiab cov ntawv cim ntiv tes ntawm cov tshiab Eu3 + / OP / TEOS nanocomposites.
Xyoo 2014, Seung Jin Ryu et al.thawj tsim ib qho Eu3 + complex ([EuCl2 (Phen) 2 (H2O) 2] Cl · H2O) los ntawm hexahydrateeuropium chloride(EuCl3 · 6H2O) thiab 1-10 phenanthroline (Phen).Los ntawm kev sib pauv ion ntawm interlayer sodium ions thiabeuropiumcomplex ions, intercalated nano hybrid compounds (Eu (Phen) 2) 3 +- synthesized lithium xab npum pob zeb thiab Eu (Phen) 2) 3 + - ntuj montmorillonite) tau txais.Nyob rau hauv excitation ntawm ib tug UV teeb ntawm ib tug wavelength ntawm 312nm, ob lub complexes tsis tsuas yog tswj cov yam ntxwv photoluminescence phenomena, tab sis kuj muaj ntau dua thermal, tshuaj, thiab mechanical stability piv rau cov ntshiab Eu3 + complexes.Txawm li cas los xij, vim tsis muaj quenched impurity ions. xws li hlau nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lub cev ntawm lithium soapstone, [Eu (Phen) 2] 3+- lithium soapstone muaj zoo luminescence siv ntau tshaj [Eu (Phen) 2] 3+- montmorillonite, thiab cov ntiv tes qhia tau hais tias cov kab clearer thiab muaj zog sib piv nrog. keeb kwm.Xyoo 2016, V Sharma et al.synthesized strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+) nano fluorescent hmoov siv txoj kev combustion.Cov hmoov yog tsim rau cov duab tshiab thiab qub cov ntiv tes rau ntawm cov khoom permeable thiab tsis permeable xws li cov ntawv zoo tib yam, cov ntawv ntim, aluminium ntawv ci, thiab optical discs.Nws tsis tsuas yog nthuav tawm siab rhiab heev thiab kev xaiv, tab sis kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv muaj zog thiab kav ntev ntev.Xyoo 2018, Wang et al.npaj CaS nanoparticles (ESM-CaS-NP) doped nrogeuropium, samarium, thiab manganese nrog qhov nruab nrab txoj kab uas hla ntawm 30nm.Cov nanoparticles tau encapsulated nrog amphiphilic ligands, tso cai rau lawv mus rau uniformly dispersed nyob rau hauv dej tsis poob lawv fluorescence efficiency;Kev hloov kho ntawm ESM-CaS-NP nto nrog 1-dodecylthiol thiab 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (Arg-DT) / MUA@ESM-CaS NPs ua tiav qhov teeb meem ntawm fluorescence quenching hauv dej thiab particle aggregation los ntawm particle hydrolysis hauv nano fluorescent hmoov.Cov hmoov fluorescent no tsis tsuas yog nthuav tawm cov ntiv tes uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom xws li txhuas ntawv ci, yas, iav, thiab cov vuas luaj ceramic nrog cov rhiab heev, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo siab thiab tsis tas yuav cov khoom siv kim kim los tso saib cov ntiv tes. Tib lub xyoo, Wang cov kev tshawb fawb pab pawg tau tsim cov ternaryeuropiumcomplexes [Eu (m-MA) 3 (o-Phen)] siv ortho, meta, thiab p-methylbenzoic acid ua thawj ligand thiab ortho phenanthroline raws li lub ligand thib ob siv txoj kev los nag.Nyob rau hauv 245nm ultraviolet lub teeb irradiation, tej zaum cov ntiv tes ntawm cov khoom xws li yas thiab cov cim lag luam tuaj yeem pom meej meej.Xyoo 2019, Sung Jun Park et al.synthesized YBO3: Ln3 + (Ln = Eu, Tb) phosphors los ntawm txoj kev solvothermal, zoo txhim kho qhov muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas tus ntiv tes thiab txo cov qauv kev cuam tshuam yav dhau los.Hauv 2020, Prabakaran et al.tsim ib lub fluorescent Na [Eu (5,50 DMBP) (phen) 3] · Cl3/D-Dextrose composite, siv EuCl3 · 6H20 ua tus precursor.Na [Eu (5,5 '- DMBP) (phen) 3] Cl3 tau tsim los siv Phen thiab 5,5' - DMBP los ntawm cov txheej txheem kub hnyav, thiab tom qab ntawd Na [Eu (5,5 '- DMBP) (phen) 3] Cl3 thiab D-Dextrose tau siv los ua tus thawj coj los ua Na [Eu (5,50 DMBP) (phen) 3] · Cl3 los ntawm txoj kev adsorption.3/D-Dextrose complex.Los ntawm kev sim, cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem pom meej cov ntiv tes rau ntawm cov khoom xws li lub kaus mom yas, iav, thiab South African txiaj nyob rau hauv lub excitation ntawm 365nm tshav ntuj los yog ultraviolet lub teeb, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntau dua thiab ruaj khov fluorescence kev ua tau zoo.Xyoo 2021, Dan Zhang et al.ntse tsim thiab tsim ib tug tshiab hexanuclear Eu3 + complex Eu6 (PPA) 18CTP-TPY nrog rau binding qhov chaw, uas muaj zoo heev fluorescence thermal stability (<50 ℃) thiab yuav siv tau rau cov ntiv tes zaub.Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim ntxiv yog xav tau los txiav txim siab nws cov hom qhua tsim nyog.Xyoo 2022, L Brini et al.ntse synthesized Eu: Y2Sn2O7 fluorescent hmoov los ntawm co nag lossis daus txoj kev thiab kev sib tsoo ntxiv kev kho mob, uas muaj peev xwm qhia tau tej yam ntiv tes ntawm cov ntoo thiab impermeable khoom.In tib lub xyoo, Wang cov kev tshawb fawb pab pawg neeg synthesized NaYF4: Yb siv hnyav thermal synthesis txoj kev, Er@YVO4 Eu core. -shell hom nanofluorescence khoom, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov fluorescence liab nyob rau hauv 254nm ultraviolet excitation thiab ci ntsuab fluorescence nyob rau hauv 980nm ze-infrared excitation, ua tiav dual hom zaub ntawm tej zaum cov ntiv tes ntawm cov qhua.Lub peev xwm ntiv tes tso rau ntawm cov khoom xws li cov vuas luaj ceramic, cov ntawv yas, aluminium alloys, RMB, thiab cov ntawv sau xim xim tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo, xaiv qhov sib txawv, thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam yav dhau los.
4 Outlook
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev tshawb fawb ntawmrare ntiaj teb europiumCov complexes tau nyiam ntau yam, ua tsaug rau lawv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo thiab sib nqus xws li kev siv lub teeb pom kev zoo, siab xim purity, lub neej ntev fluorescence, loj zog nqus thiab emission gaps, thiab nqaim absorption peaks.Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tob tob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, lawv cov ntawv thov hauv ntau yam xws li teeb pom kev zoo thiab tso saib, bioscience, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev ua tub rog, kev lag luam cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob, cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag, fluorescence anti-counterfeiting, fluorescence detection, thiab lwm yam yog nce zuj zus.Optical Properties ntawmeuropiumcomplexes zoo heev, thiab lawv daim ntawv thov teb yog maj mam nthuav.Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muaj thermal stability, mechanical zog, thiab processability yuav txwv lawv cov tswv yim siv.Los ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, daim ntawv thov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawmeuropiumcomplexes nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm forensic science yuav tsum tsuas yog tsom rau kev txhim kho cov khoom kho qhov muag ntawmeuropiumcomplexes thiab daws cov teeb meem ntawm fluorescent hais yog nquag mus aggregation nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig humid, tswj lub stability thiab luminescence efficiency ntawmeuropiumcomplexes nyob rau hauv aqueous daws.Niaj hnub no, kev nce qib ntawm tib neeg thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau muab cov kev xav tau siab dua rau kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.Thaum ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov, nws yuav tsum ua raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom kev tsim thiab tus nqi qis.Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv raueuropiumcomplexes yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus nplua nuj tsis tshua muaj peev txheej hauv ntiaj teb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua phem kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-01-2023